Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2024 Jun 1;13(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s40249-024-01209-0.
Opisthorchiid flukes, particularly Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, Clonorchis sinensis, and Metorchis spp. are the most common fish-borne zoonotic human liver flukes (hLFs). Liver fluke infections are more prevalent in resource-deprived and underprivileged areas. We herein estimated the prevalence of the metacercariae (MC) of major hLFs in common large freshwater fishes (lFWF) marketed for human consumption from some selected areas of Bangladesh along with detection of their molluscan vectors and reservoirs.
The current status of fish-borne zoonotic hLF infections in lFWF was investigated along with their molluscan vectors and mammalian reservoir hosts in Mymensingh and Kishoreganj in Bangladesh from July 2018-June 2022 using conventional and multiple molecular techniques, such as PCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses. The infection rate of fishes was analyzed using the Z-test and the loads of MC were compared using the chi-squared (χ) test.
The MC of C. sinensis, Opisthorchis spp., and Metorchis spp. were detected in 11 species of common and popular lFWF. In lFWF, the estimated prevalence was 18.7% and the mean load was 137.4 ± 149.8 MC per 100 g of fish. The prevalence was the highest (P < 0.05) in spotted snakehead fishes (Channa punctata, 63.6%). The highest rate of infection (P < 0.05) was observed with the MC of C. sinensis (11.8%). Metacercariae were almost equally (P > 0.05) distributed between the head and body of fishes. The infection rate was slightly higher in cultured (19.6%) fishes. The MC of C. sinensis, O. felineus, O. viverrini, and Metorchis orientalis in fishes were confirmed using PCR, PCR-RFLP and bioinformatics. The cercariae of opisthorchiid (Pleurolophocercus cercariae) flukes were only recovered from Bithynia spp. (3.9%, 42 out of 1089). The ova of hLFs from dogs (4.3%, 5 out of 116) and cats (6.0%, 6 out of 100), and adult flukes (M. orientalis) from ducks (41.1% 113 out of 275) were detected.
The MC of hLFs are highly prevalent in fresh water fishes in Bangladesh. Reservoir hosts, such as street dogs, cats, and ducks carried the patent infection, and residents of Bangladesh are at risk.
片形科吸虫，特别是华支睾吸虫、猫后睾吸虫、中华分支睾吸虫和并殖吸虫属，是最常见的鱼类源性人畜共患肝吸虫（hLF）。肝吸虫感染在资源匮乏和贫困地区更为普遍。我们在此评估了孟加拉国一些选定地区市售的常见大型淡水鱼类（lFWF）中主要 hLF 的囊蚴（MC）的流行率，同时检测了它们的软体动物载体和哺乳动物储存宿主。
2018 年 7 月至 2022 年 6 月，采用常规和多重分子技术，如 PCR、PCR-限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）、测序和生物信息学分析，在孟加拉国的迈门辛和基肖尔甘杰地区调查了 lFWF 中鱼类源性人畜共患 hLF 感染的现状及其软体动物载体和哺乳动物储存宿主。使用 Z 检验分析鱼类的感染率，使用卡方（χ）检验比较 MC 的负荷。
在 11 种常见和受欢迎的 lFWF 中检测到了 C. sinensis、Opisthorchis spp. 和 Metorchis spp. 的 MC。在 lFWF 中，估计的流行率为 18.7%，每 100 克鱼的平均负荷为 137.4±149.8 MC。斑点蛇头鱼（Channa punctata）的感染率最高（P<0.05，63.6%）。感染率最高（P<0.05）的是 C. sinensis 的 MC（11.8%）。MC 在鱼类的头部和身体之间几乎均匀分布（P>0.05）。养殖鱼类的感染率略高（19.6%）。使用 PCR、PCR-RFLP 和生物信息学技术确认了鱼类中的 C. sinensis、O. felineus、O. viverrini 和 Metorchis orientalis 的 MC。仅从 Bithynia spp.（3.9%，1089 只中的 42 只）中回收了片形科（Pleurolophocercus cercariae）尾蚴。从狗（4.3%，116 只中的 5 只）和猫（6.0%，100 只中的 6 只）中检测到 hLF 的卵，以及从鸭子（41.1%，275 只中的 113 只）中检测到成虫（M. orientalis）。
孟加拉国淡水鱼类中 hLF 的 MC 高度流行。携带专利感染的储存宿主，如流浪狗、猫和鸭子，使孟加拉国人面临风险。
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