Cope Henry, Elsborg Jonas, Demharter Samuel, McDonald J Tyson, Wernecke Chiara, Parthasarathy Hari, Unadkat Hriday, Chatrathi Mira, Claudio Jennifer, Reinsch Sigrid, Avci Pinar, Zwart Sara R, Smith Scott M, Heer Martina, Muratani Masafumi, Meydan Cem, Overbey Eliah, Kim Jangkeun, Chin Christopher R, Park Jiwoon, Schisler Jonathan C, Mason Christopher E, Szewczyk Nathaniel J, Willis Craig R G, Salam Amr, Beheshti Afshin
School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Commun Med (Lond). 2024 Jun 11;4(1):106. doi: 10.1038/s43856-024-00532-9.
Spaceflight poses a unique set of challenges to humans and the hostile spaceflight environment can induce a wide range of increased health risks, including dermatological issues. The biology driving the frequency of skin issues in astronauts is currently not well understood.
To address this issue, we used a systems biology approach utilizing NASA's Open Science Data Repository (OSDR) on space flown murine transcriptomic datasets focused on the skin, biochemical profiles of 50 NASA astronauts and human transcriptomic datasets generated from blood and hair samples of JAXA astronauts, as well as blood samples obtained from the NASA Twins Study, and skin and blood samples from the first civilian commercial mission, Inspiration4.
Key biological changes related to skin health, DNA damage & repair, and mitochondrial dysregulation are identified as potential drivers for skin health risks during spaceflight. Additionally, a machine learning model is utilized to determine gene pairings associated with spaceflight response in the skin. While we identified spaceflight-induced dysregulation, such as alterations in genes associated with skin barrier function and collagen formation, our results also highlight the remarkable ability for organisms to re-adapt back to Earth via post-flight re-tuning of gene expression.
Our findings can guide future research on developing countermeasures for mitigating spaceflight-associated skin damage.
太空飞行给人类带来了一系列独特的挑战，恶劣的太空飞行环境会引发多种健康风险增加，包括皮肤问题。目前，对于导致宇航员皮肤问题频发的生物学机制尚未完全了解。
为解决这一问题，我们采用了系统生物学方法，利用美国国家航空航天局（NASA）开放科学数据存储库（OSDR）中关于太空飞行小鼠皮肤转录组数据集、50名NASA宇航员的生化特征以及从日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）宇航员的血液和头发样本、NASA双胞胎研究获得的血液样本以及首次平民商业任务“灵感4号”的皮肤和血液样本生成的人类转录组数据集。
与皮肤健康、DNA损伤与修复以及线粒体失调相关的关键生物学变化被确定为太空飞行期间皮肤健康风险的潜在驱动因素。此外，利用机器学习模型来确定与皮肤太空飞行反应相关的基因配对。虽然我们发现了太空飞行引起的失调，如与皮肤屏障功能和胶原蛋白形成相关基因的改变，但我们的结果也突出了生物体通过飞行后基因表达的重新调整重新适应地球的显著能力。
我们的研究结果可为未来开发减轻太空飞行相关皮肤损伤对策的研究提供指导。
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