Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Cells. 2024 May 22;13(11):889. doi: 10.3390/cells13110889.
Pulmonary surfactants play a crucial role in managing lung lipid metabolism, and dysregulation of this process is evident in various lung diseases. Alternations in lipid metabolism lead to pulmonary surfactant damage, resulting in hyperlipidemia in response to lung injury. Lung macrophages are responsible for recycling damaged lipid droplets to maintain lipid homeostasis. The inflammatory response triggered by external stimuli such as cigarette smoke, bleomycin, and bacteria can interfere with this process, resulting in the formation of lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs), also known as foamy macrophages. Recent studies have highlighted the potential significance of LLM formation in a range of pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that LLMs are present in patients suffering from various pulmonary conditions. In this review, we summarize the essential metabolic and signaling pathways driving the LLM formation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis, and acute lung injury.
肺表面活性剂在管理肺部脂质代谢中起着至关重要的作用，而这一过程的失调在各种肺部疾病中表现明显。脂质代谢的改变导致肺表面活性剂损伤，从而导致肺损伤时出现高血脂症。肺巨噬细胞负责回收受损的脂滴以维持脂质平衡。香烟烟雾、博来霉素和细菌等外部刺激引发的炎症反应会干扰这一过程，导致富含脂质的巨噬细胞（LLM）形成，也称为泡沫巨噬细胞。最近的研究强调了 LLM 在多种肺部疾病中的潜在重要性。此外，越来越多的证据表明，患有各种肺部疾病的患者中存在 LLMs。在这篇综述中，我们总结了导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺纤维化、肺结核和急性肺损伤中 LLM 形成的关键代谢和信号通路。
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