Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA.
U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, Colorado.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2024 Aug;43(8):1795-1806. doi: 10.1002/etc.5926. Epub 2024 Jun 19.
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with toxicity in wildlife and negative health effects in humans. Decades of fire training activity at Joint Base Cape Cod (MA, USA) incorporated the use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), which resulted in long-term PFAS contamination of sediments, groundwater, and hydrologically connected surface waters. To explore the bioconcentration potential of PFAS in complex environmental mixtures, a mobile laboratory was established to evaluate the bioconcentration of PFAS from AFFF-impacted groundwater by flow-through design. Fathead minnows (n = 24) were exposed to PFAS in groundwater over a 21-day period and tissue-specific PFAS burdens in liver, kidney, and gonad were derived at three different time points. The ∑PFAS concentrations in groundwater increased from approximately 10,000 ng/L at day 1 to 36,000 ng/L at day 21. The relative abundance of PFAS in liver, kidney, and gonad shifted temporally from majority perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASAs) to perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs). By day 21, mean ∑PFAS concentrations in tissues displayed a predominance in the order of liver > kidney > gonad. Generally, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for FASAs, perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), and fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTS) increased with degree of fluorinated carbon chain length, but this was not evident for PFSAs. Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) displayed the highest mean BCF (8700 L/kg) in day 21 kidney. Suspect screening results revealed the presence of several perfluoroalkyl sulfinate and FASA compounds present in groundwater and in liver for which pseudo-bioconcentration factors are also reported. The bioconcentration observed for precursor compounds and PFSA derivatives detected suggests alternative pathways for terminal PFAS exposure in aquatic wildlife and humans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1795-1806. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的暴露已被证实会对野生动物造成毒性，并对人类健康产生负面影响。几十年来，美国马萨诸塞州科德角联合基地（Joint Base Cape Cod，MA）的消防训练活动都使用了水成膜泡沫（aqueous film-forming foam，AFFF），这导致沉积物、地下水和水文连通的地表水受到长期 PFAS 污染。为了探索 PFAS 在复杂环境混合物中的生物浓缩潜力，建立了一个移动实验室，通过流动设计评估 AFFF 污染地下水对 PFAS 的生物浓缩。在 21 天的时间里，通过流动设计让食蚊鱼（fathead minnow）暴露在地下水中，在三个不同的时间点得出肝脏、肾脏和性腺中 PFAS 的组织特异性负荷。地下水中的∑PFAS 浓度从第 1 天的约 10,000ng/L 增加到第 21 天的 36,000ng/L。在肝脏、肾脏和性腺中，PFAS 的相对丰度随时间从主要的全氟烷基磺酰胺（perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides，FASAs）转变为全氟烷基磺酸盐（perfluoroalkyl sulfonates，PFSAs）。到第 21 天，组织中∑PFAS 浓度的平均值按肝脏 > 肾脏 > 性腺的顺序排列。一般来说，FASAs、全氟烷基羧酸（perfluoroalkyl carboxylates，PFCAs）和氟调聚物磺酸盐（fluorotelomer sulfonates，FTS）的生物浓缩因子（bioconcentration factors，BCFs）随氟碳链长度的增加而增加，但对于 PFSAs 则不然。全氟辛烷磺酰胺（perfluorooctane sulfonamide，FOSA）在第 21 天的肾脏中表现出最高的平均 BCF（8700 L/kg）。可疑筛选结果表明，地下水中存在几种全氟烷基亚磺酸盐和 FASA 化合物，同时也报告了其拟生物浓缩因子。对于检测到的前体化合物和 PFSA 衍生物的生物浓缩表明，水生野生动物和人类可能存在其他终端 PFAS 暴露途径。环境毒理化学 2024；43:1795-1806。版权所有 2024 年由 SETAC 出版的 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表作者。
