JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 10;946:174184. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174184. Epub 2024 Jun 21.
Limited studies have assessed the impact of residential greenness exposure on allergic rhinitis in adults, and its relationship with ambient air pollutants remains unknown.
To investigate the association of residential greenness with allergic rhinitis incidence and explore the mediation effects of ambient air pollutants in adults using data from a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank.
Greenness was defined as the area-weighted mean of greenness coverage based on the land used data from the Generalized Land Use Database for England (GLUD) 2005 in the UK Biobank. Multiple Cox proportional hazard models and a generalized additive model incorporating restricted cubic splines were used to model the potential nonlinear effect of residential greenness on allergic rhinitis incidence and the potential mediation effect of ambient air pollutants.
Among the 281,699 subjects included in the analysis, 3260 allergic rhinitis incident cases occurred after a median follow-up of 14 years. With per 10% increase in residential greenness at a 300-m buffer, a 2.5% (95% CI: 1.0%, 4.0%) decreased risk of allergic rhinitis was observed. An L-shaped, non-linear dose-response relationship was indicated with a threshold of 54.9% greenness above which no excess allergic rhinitis risk was seen. PM partially mediated the relationship between greenness and allergic rhinitis incidence with a mediation effect of 26.9% (95% CI: 12.6%, 41.2%). A similar pattern of association was found at 1000-m buffer size.
This study demonstrates a significant beneficial effect of residential greenness on reducing allergic rhinitis incidence. Greenness may erase air pollutants and mitigate the rhinitis risk from air pollution.
有限的研究评估了居住绿化暴露对成年人过敏性鼻炎的影响，其与环境空气污染物的关系尚不清楚。
利用英国生物库前瞻性队列研究的数据，调查居住绿化与过敏性鼻炎发病率的关系，并探讨环境空气污染物的中介作用。
绿化定义为基于英国生物库中 2005 年通用土地利用数据库（GLUD）的土地利用数据的绿化覆盖率的面积加权平均值。采用多 Cox 比例风险模型和包含限制立方样条的广义相加模型，对居住绿化对过敏性鼻炎发病率的潜在非线性影响以及环境空气污染物的潜在中介作用进行建模。
在纳入分析的 281699 名受试者中，中位随访 14 年后发生了 3260 例过敏性鼻炎病例。在 300 米缓冲区中，居住绿化每增加 10%，过敏性鼻炎的风险降低 2.5%（95%CI：1.0%，4.0%）。表明存在 L 形、非线性剂量-反应关系，绿化程度超过 54.9%时，过敏性鼻炎风险不再增加。PM 部分介导了绿化与过敏性鼻炎发病率之间的关系，中介效应为 26.9%（95%CI：12.6%，41.2%）。在 1000 米缓冲区大小下也发现了类似的关联模式。
本研究表明居住绿化对降低过敏性鼻炎发病率有显著的有益影响。绿化可能消除空气污染物，并减轻空气污染引起的鼻炎风险。
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