Pires Diego Pontes de Carvalho, Monte Felipe Alves do, Monteiro Leonardo Freire, Soares Francisco Rafael do Couto, Faria José Leonardo Rocha de
Instituto de Coluna e Ortopedia Especializada (InCore), Recife, PE, Brasil.
Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital da Restauração Governador Paulo Guerra, Recife, PE, Brasil.
Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2024 Jun 22;59(3):e337-e348. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1786351. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory and degenerative condition resulting in articular cartilage destruction and functional loss. Its prevalence has grown considerably due to increased life expectancy and obesity, and its diagnosis relies on evaluation, medical examination, and confirmation by supplementary radiographic images. Knee OA is multifactorial and influenced by several local, systemic, and external aspects. In addition, its progress and therapeutic responses highly depend on the characteristics of each subject. The initial recommendation is drug treatment and alternative therapies to improve quality of life. However, if these treatments are unsuccessful, one must consider surgical treatment. Surgical options include arthroscopies, osteotomies, and partial and total arthroplasties, while non-surgical treatments include medications and alternative therapies such as infiltrations, acupuncture, and physical exercise. It is worth highlighting that biomarkers can be a significant strategy for early disease detection, assessment of disease activity, prediction of prognosis, and monitoring a better response to therapy. Nevertheless, this topic must be the focus of further research to confirm its findings.
膝关节骨关节炎（OA）是一种炎症性和退行性疾病，会导致关节软骨破坏和功能丧失。由于预期寿命延长和肥胖，其患病率大幅上升，其诊断依赖于评估、医学检查以及补充的影像学图像确认。膝关节OA是多因素的，受几个局部、全身和外部因素影响。此外，其进展和治疗反应高度依赖于每个个体的特征。初始推荐是药物治疗和替代疗法以改善生活质量。然而，如果这些治疗不成功，则必须考虑手术治疗。手术选择包括关节镜检查、截骨术以及部分和全关节置换术，而非手术治疗包括药物治疗和替代疗法，如注射、针灸和体育锻炼。值得强调的是，生物标志物可能是早期疾病检测、疾病活动评估、预后预测以及监测更好治疗反应的重要策略。然而，这个主题必须成为进一步研究的重点以证实其发现。
