Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Laboratory of Immunobiology and Parasites Control, Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Curr Protoc. 2024 Jun;4(6):e1074. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.1074.
Ascariasis, caused by both Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum, is the most prevalent parasitic disease worldwide, affecting both human and porcine populations. However, due to the difficulties of assessing the early events of infection in humans, most studies of human ascariasis have been restricted to the chronic intestinal phase. Therefore, the Ascaris mouse model has become a fundamental tool for investigating the immunobiology and pathogenesis of the early infection stage referred to as larval ascariasis because of the model's practicality and ability to replicate the natural processes involved. The Ascaris mouse model has been widely used to explore factors such as infection resistance/susceptibility, liver inflammation, lung immune-mediated pathology, and co-infections and, notably, as a pivotal element in preclinical vaccine trials. Exploring the immunobiology of larval ascariasis may offer new insights into disease development and provide a substantial understanding of key components that trigger a protective immune response. This article focuses on creating a comprehensive guide for conducting Ascaris experimental infections in the laboratory as a foundation for future research efforts. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Acquisition and embryonation of Ascaris suum eggs from adult females Alternate Protocol: Cleaning and purification of Ascaris suum from female A. suum uteri Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of Ascaris suum eggs and murine infection Basic Protocol 3: Measurement of larval burden and Ascaris-larva-induced pathogenesis Basic Protocol 4: In vitro hatching and purification of Ascaris L3 larvae Support Protocol: Preparation of crude antigen from Ascaris infectious stages Basic Protocol 5: Ultrastructure-expansion microscopy (U-ExM) of Ascaris suum larval stages.
蛔虫病由人蛔虫（Ascaris lumbricoides）和猪蛔虫（Ascaris suum）引起，是全世界最普遍的寄生虫病，影响人类和猪群。然而，由于难以评估人类感染的早期事件，大多数人类蛔虫病的研究都局限于慢性肠道期。因此，由于其实用性和能够复制涉及的自然过程，蛔虫鼠模型已成为研究早期感染阶段（即幼虫性蛔虫病）免疫生物学和发病机制的基本工具。该模型已被广泛用于研究感染抗性/易感性、肝脏炎症、肺免疫介导的病理学和合并感染等因素，并且作为临床前疫苗试验的关键要素。探索幼虫性蛔虫病的免疫生物学可能为疾病发展提供新的见解，并深入了解引发保护性免疫反应的关键成分。本文重点介绍了在实验室中进行蛔虫实验感染的综合指南，作为未来研究工作的基础。© 2024 年 Wiley Periodicals LLC. 基本方案 1：从雌性成虫中获取并孵育猪蛔虫卵 替代方案：从雌性猪蛔虫子宫中清洗和纯化猪蛔虫 基本方案 2：准备猪蛔虫卵和小鼠感染 基本方案 3：幼虫负荷测量和蛔虫幼虫引起的发病机制 基本方案 4：体外孵化和纯化蛔虫 L3 幼虫 支持方案：从蛔虫感染阶段制备粗抗原 基本方案 5：猪蛔虫幼虫阶段的超扩展显微镜（U-ExM）。
