Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2024 Nov 12;218(3):264-274. doi: 10.1093/cei/uxae057.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils are web-like DNA structures adhered to granulin proteins with bactericidal activity and can be an important mechanism for preventing pathogen dissemination or eliminating microorganisms. However, they also play important roles in diseases of other systems, such as the central nervous system. We tracked the latest advances and performed a review based on published original and review articles related to NETs and neurological diseases. Generally, neutrophils barely penetrate the blood-brain barrier into the brain parenchyma, but when pathological changes such as infection, trauma, or neurodegeneration occur, neutrophils rapidly infiltrate the central nervous system to exert their defensive effects. However, neutrophils may adversely affect the host when they uncontrollably release NETs upon persistent neuroinflammation. This review focused on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and effects of NETs release in neurological diseases, and we also discuss the role of molecules that regulate NETs release in anticipation of clinical applications in neurological diseases.
中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）是由中性粒细胞释放的、带有杀菌活性的颗粒蛋白黏附在网状 DNA 结构上，它可以作为防止病原体传播或消灭微生物的重要机制。然而，NETs 在其他系统的疾病中也发挥着重要作用，如中枢神经系统。我们跟踪了最新的进展，并基于与 NETs 和神经疾病相关的已发表的原始和综述文章进行了综述。通常情况下，中性粒细胞很少穿透血脑屏障进入脑实质，但当发生感染、创伤或神经退行性变等病理变化时，中性粒细胞会迅速浸润中枢神经系统发挥其防御作用。然而，当持续的神经炎症导致中性粒细胞失控释放 NETs 时，它们可能会对宿主产生不利影响。本综述重点介绍了近年来对 NETs 在神经疾病中释放的机制和影响的理解的进展，我们还讨论了调节 NETs 释放的分子的作用，以期在神经疾病的临床应用中得到应用。
