膳食知识、态度、行为调查及基于营养知识的干预：中国大学生的横断面和随机对照试验研究。

Dietary Knowledge, Attitude, Practice Survey and Nutritional Knowledge-Based Intervention: A Cross-Sectional and Randomized Controlled Trial Study among College Undergraduates in China.

机构信息

School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.

The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2024 Jul 21;16(14):2365. doi: 10.3390/nu16142365.

DOI:10.3390/nu16142365

PMID:39064808

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11279395/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Understanding undergraduates' dietary literacy, including dietary knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), is important for future health promotion policies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the current status and influencing factors of dietary literacy in Chinese college undergraduates and explore whether a nutritional lecture could improve their dietary literacy.

METHODS

This study included two parts: a cross-sectional study ( = 1026) conducted by a dietary literacy questionnaire, and a randomized controlled trail (RCT) that enrolled 99 college undergraduates who were randomized to a control group or a nutritional lecture group. Data from the questionnaire and 72 h food records were obtained on day 0, day 3 and day 100 before and after intervention.

RESULTS

This cross-sectional study showed that the mean scores of dietary KAP were respectively 100.0 (33.3), 59.1 (13.6) and 71.7 (11.7), with an excellent rate of 36.6%, 1.9% and 3.4%. Female upper-grade undergraduates and those with medicine-related majors illustrated higher dietary knowledge scores ( < 0.001). Dietary attitude rather than dietary knowledge had a significant impact on dietary practice ( < 0.001). This finding was in line with the results in the RCT study. Compared with the control group, dietary knowledge was significantly improved in the nutritional lecture group on both day 3 ( = 0.002) and day 100 ( = 0.023) after intervention. However, dietary behavior was improved only on day 3 post nutritional lecture ( = 0.029) but decreased to the original level 100 days later ( < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This study discovered the unsatisfying status and discrepancy between dietary literacy among college undergraduates of different sex, majors and college years. Dietary attitude instead of dietary knowledge was discovered as a determining role in dietary practice. One nutritional lecture could improve undergraduates' dietary literacy but the effect was not long-lasting. Further studies with more reinforced and durable interventions are warranted.

摘要

背景

了解大学生的饮食素养，包括饮食知识、态度和行为（KAP），对于未来的健康促进政策很重要。因此，本研究旨在调查中国大学生饮食素养的现状和影响因素，并探讨营养讲座是否可以提高他们的饮食素养。

方法

本研究包括两部分：一是通过饮食素养问卷进行的横断面研究（n=1026），二是一项随机对照试验（RCT），共纳入 99 名大学生，随机分为对照组和营养讲座组。在干预前的第 0 天、第 3 天和第 100 天，通过问卷调查和 72 h 食物记录收集数据。

结果

横断面研究显示，饮食 KAP 的平均得分分别为 100.0（33.3）、59.1（13.6）和 71.7（11.7），优秀率分别为 36.6%、1.9%和 3.4%。高年级女大学生和医学相关专业的大学生饮食知识得分较高（<0.001）。饮食态度而非饮食知识对饮食行为有显著影响（<0.001）。这一发现与 RCT 研究的结果一致。与对照组相比，营养讲座组在干预后第 3 天（=0.002）和第 100 天（=0.023）的饮食知识得分显著提高，但仅在营养讲座后第 3 天（=0.029）饮食行为有所改善，100 天后又恢复到原来水平（<0.001）。