老年人日常生活中状态孤独感与认知表现的短期关联。
Short-Term Coupling Associations Between State Loneliness and Cognitive Performance in Daily Life Among Older Adults.
机构信息
Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2024 Oct 1;79(10). doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbae134.
OBJECTIVES
Despite extensive efforts to study individual differences in loneliness and neurocognitive health, little is known about how within-person changes in state loneliness relate to cognitive performance. This study addressed this gap by examining the association between within-person variation in state loneliness and cognitive performance assessed objectively in daily life.
METHODS
Participants were 313 community-dwelling older adults (70-90 years) who reported momentary feelings of loneliness and completed smartphone-based cognitive tests 5 times daily for 14 consecutive days. Mobile cognitive tests assess visual associative memory, processing speed, and spatial memory.
RESULTS
At the day level, average state loneliness levels were negatively related to cognitive performance on the same day and subsequent day. Consistent with the day-level analysis, momentary assessments of increased loneliness were consistently linked to worse cognitive performance on concurrent assessments. However, moments characterized by lower cognitive performance predicted higher levels of loneliness 3-4 hr later (next occasion), but not vice versa.
DISCUSSION
The findings suggest a prospective association between loneliness and cognitive performance, with higher daily loneliness negatively associated with cognitive performance on the same day and predicting worse performance the following day. Notably, within a single day, lower cognitive performance at a given moment predicted elevated loneliness later in the day. This highlights a complex, reciprocal relationship-loneliness predicting and being predicted by cognitive performance depending on timescale.
目的
尽管人们已经付出了大量努力来研究孤独感和神经认知健康方面的个体差异，但对于个体状态孤独感的变化如何与认知表现相关，人们知之甚少。本研究通过考察个体状态孤独感的日内变化与日常生活中客观评估的认知表现之间的关系，填补了这一空白。
方法
参与者为 313 名居住在社区的老年人（70-90 岁），他们报告了瞬间的孤独感，并在连续 14 天的每天 5 次完成基于智能手机的认知测试。移动认知测试评估视觉联想记忆、处理速度和空间记忆。
结果
在日间水平上，平均状态孤独感与当天和次日的认知表现呈负相关。与日间分析一致，孤独感的瞬时增加与同时进行的认知测试的表现下降始终相关。然而，表现较差的时刻预测 3-4 小时后（下一次）会出现更高的孤独感，但反之则不然。
讨论
这些发现表明孤独感与认知表现之间存在前瞻性关联，较高的日常孤独感与当天的认知表现呈负相关，并预测次日表现更差。值得注意的是，在一天内，特定时刻的认知表现下降预测当天晚些时候的孤独感升高。这突出了一种复杂的、相互的关系——孤独感预测和被认知表现预测取决于时间尺度。
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