Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
Sports Med. 2024 Dec;54(12):3169-3179. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02082-5. Epub 2024 Aug 7.
Kickboxing is a popular striking combat sport, and K-1 is a type of kickboxing. Direct head blows can cause significant long-term injury and affect brain wave activity.
We aim to compare the changes in brain wave activities of fighters during a K-1 kickboxing contest to those in a control group, who were striking a punching bag and were not hit by another K-1 athlete.
A total of 100 professional Polish K-1 kickboxers were split evenly into experimental (n = 50, age 25.5 ± 4.63 years) and control (n = 50, age 26.6 ± 5.22 years) groups. We used quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to assess the spectrum of brain wave activity (delta, theta, alpha, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), beta-1 and beta-2) before and after an intervention (experimental: K-1 contest, control: simulated contest), with eyes open and then closed. The number of direct blows to the head was also recorded for all bouts. Comparative and statistical analyses between selected variables were performed.
K-1 fighters showed elevated baseline brain activity for the entire delta band (p < 0.001). There was significant variation in brain activity among the experimental group following the intervention and compared with the control group for all wave types (p < 0.001). No significant variation in activity was found in the control group. The number of direct head blows was positively correlated with brain activity, at delta and beta-2 wave frequencies.
K-1 kickboxing is associated with detectable changes in brain wave activity. It is presently unclear what the long-term effects of these changes in brain wave activities are, and longitudinal studies are necessary to study the brain health of kickboxers.
踢拳是一种流行的打击格斗运动，而 K-1 是踢拳的一种。直接头部打击会导致显著的长期伤害，并影响脑电波活动。
我们旨在比较 K-1 踢拳比赛中运动员的脑电波活动变化与对照组的变化，对照组是击打沙袋且未被另一名 K-1 运动员击中的运动员。
共有 100 名波兰专业 K-1 踢拳运动员被平均分为实验组（n=50，年龄 25.5±4.63 岁）和对照组（n=50，年龄 26.6±5.22 岁）。我们使用定量脑电图（QEEG）在干预前后（实验组：K-1 比赛，对照组：模拟比赛）评估脑电波活动（δ、θ、α、感觉运动节律（SMR）、β-1 和β-2）的频谱，睁眼后闭眼。还记录了所有回合中直接对头部的打击次数。对选定变量进行了比较和统计分析。
K-1 运动员的整个 δ 频段的基线脑活动增加（p<0.001）。实验组在干预后和与对照组相比，所有波型的脑活动都有显著变化（p<0.001）。对照组的脑活动没有显著变化。直接头部打击次数与脑电波活动呈正相关，在 δ 和 β-2 波频率。
K-1 踢拳与脑电波活动的可检测变化有关。目前尚不清楚这些脑电波活动变化的长期影响是什么，需要进行纵向研究来研究踢拳运动员的大脑健康。
