Stulova A N, Semenova N S, Akopyan V S
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Vestn Oftalmol. 2024;140(4):5-10. doi: 10.17116/oftalma20241400415.
This study was performed to assess the prevalence of the vascularized foveal zone, including macular-foveal capillaries (MFC) and congenital retinal macrovessels (CRM), and to analyze the structural characteristics of the macular area in patients with MFC.
The first phase of the study evaluated the prevalence of MFC and CRM. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was performed, and OCT-A images of the foveal avascular zone were analyzed. In the second phase, two groups were formed: the MFC group (12 eyes, 9 patients, mean age 43.8±10.7 years) and the control group (18 eyes, 17 patients, mean age 43.0±11.8 years). A comparative analysis was performed assessing central retinal thickness (CRT), thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and foveal pit depth.
MFCs were detected in 45 eyes from a total sample of 1031 eyes of 536 patients. The presence of CRM was recorded in three eyes of three patients. RNFL thickness was significantly higher in the MFC group in the inferior parafoveal sector (26.50 [26.00; 29.50] and 24.50 [21.75; 26.50] μm; =0.022) and in the foveal zone (15.50 [14.00; 16.00] and 12.00 [11.00; 14.00] μm; =0.017). Additionally, patients with MFC had a higher thickness of GCL and IPL in the fovea, inferior, nasal, and temporal parafoveal sectors. The depth of the foveal pit was significantly lower in the MFC group compared to the control group (83.0 [77.4; 101.6] and 128.0 [107.5; 147.05] μm; =0.001).
The prevalence of MFC was 4.36% (calculated per number of eyes), while the prevalence of CRM - 0.29%. The macular area in patients with MFC had increased thickness of the inner retinal layers and decreased depth of the foveal pit, suggesting potential disruption in the natural process of ganglion cell migration and apoptosis during embryogenesis.
本研究旨在评估包括黄斑中心凹毛细血管（MFC）和先天性视网膜大血管（CRM）在内的血管化中心凹区域的患病率，并分析MFC患者黄斑区的结构特征。
研究的第一阶段评估MFC和CRM的患病率。进行了光学相干断层扫描血管造影（OCT-A），并分析了中心凹无血管区的OCT-A图像。在第二阶段，形成了两组：MFC组（12只眼，9例患者，平均年龄43.8±10.7岁）和对照组（18只眼，17例患者，平均年龄43.0±11.8岁）。进行了一项对比分析，评估中央视网膜厚度（CRT）、视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）、神经节细胞层（GCL）、内网状层（IPL）、内核层（INL）、外网状层（OPL）、外核层（ONL）和中心凹坑深度。
在536例患者的1031只眼中，共45只眼检测到MFC。3例患者的3只眼中记录到CRM的存在。MFC组在黄斑下旁区域（26.50 [26.00；29.50]和24.50 [21.75；26.50]μm；P=0.022）和中心凹区域（15.50 [14.00；16.00]和12.00 [11.00；14.00]μm；P=0.017）的RNFL厚度显著更高。此外，MFC患者在中心凹、下、鼻和颞旁黄斑区域的GCL和IPL厚度更高。与对照组相比，MFC组的中心凹坑深度显著更低（83.0 [77.4；101.6]和128.0 [107.5；147.05]μm；P=0.001）。
MFC的患病率为4.36%（按眼数计算），而CRM的患病率为0.29%。MFC患者的黄斑区视网膜内层厚度增加，中心凹坑深度降低,这表明胚胎发育过程中神经节细胞迁移和凋亡的自然过程可能受到干扰。
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