Predictive Hypoxemic Threshold for Tolerating the Apnea Test While Assessing Death by Neurological Criteria.

BACKGROUND

The apnea test (AT) plays a vital role in diagnosing brain death by evaluating the absence of spontaneous respiratory activity. It entails disconnecting the patient from mechanical ventilation to raise the CO partial pressure and lower the pH. Occasionally, the AT is aborted because of safety concerns, such as hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability, to prevent worsening conditions. However, the exact oxygen partial pressure level needed before commencing AT, indicating an inability to tolerate the test, is still uncertain. This study seeks to determine pre-AT oxygen levels linked with a heightened risk of test failure.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients suspected of having brain death at the Tel Aviv Medical Center from 2010 to 2022. The primary outcome was defined as an arterial partial O pressure (PaO) level of 60 mmHg or lower at the conclusion of the AT. This threshold is significant because it marks the point at which the saturation curve deflects, potentially leading to rapid deterioration in the patient's oxygen saturation.

RESULTS

Among the 70 patients who underwent AT, 7 patients met the primary diagnostic criteria. Patients with a PaO ≤ 60 mmHg at the conclusion of the AT exhibited a significantly lower initial median PaO of 243.7 mmHg compared with those with higher pre-AT PaO levels of 374.8 mmHg (interquartile range 104.65-307.00 and interquartile range 267.8-444.9 respectively, P value = 0.0041). Pre-AT PaO levels demonstrated good discriminatory ability for low PaO levels according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with an area under the curve of 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.52-0.99).

CONCLUSIONS

PaO values at the conclusion of the AT are closely associated with PaO values at the beginning of the test. Establishing a cutoff value of approximately 300 mmHg PaO at the onset of AT may assist in avoiding saturation drops below 90%.