Transcriptomic Approach Reveals Contrasting Patterns of Differential Gene Expression during Tannin Biodegredation by in Liquid and Solid Cultures.

Tannins, one of the most common anti-nutritional factors in feed, can be effectively degraded by various enzymes secreted by (). The cultivation method of fungi significantly impacts gene expression, which influences the production of enzymes and metabolites. In this study, we analyzed the tannin biodegredation efficiency and the transcriptomic responses of in liquid and solid cultures with tannin added. The observed morphology of resembled typical fungal hyphae of mycelium submerged and grown in liquid cultures, while mainly spore clusters were observed in solid cultures. Furthermore, the tannin biodegredation efficiency and protein secretion of in liquid cultures were significantly higher than in solid cultures. Additionally, 54.6% of the 11,248 differentially expressed genes were upregulated in liquid cultures, including AtWU_03490 (encoding ABC multidrug transporter), AtWU_03807 (ribonuclease III), AtWU_10270 (peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase), and AtWU_00075 (arabinogalactan endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase). Functional and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated upregulation in processes including oxidation reduction, drug metabolism, and monocarboxylic acid metabolism. Overall, this study provides insight into the transcriptomic response to tannin biodegradation by in different cultures and reveals that liquid cultures induce greater transcriptomic variability compared to solid cultures.