State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Key Lab of Ocean Remote Sensing, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Nature. 2024 Oct;634(8036):1111-1117. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08051-2. Epub 2024 Oct 16.
Extreme ocean temperature events are becoming increasingly common due to global warming, causing catastrophic ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Despite extensive research on surface marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold spells (MCSs) based on satellite observations, our knowledge of these extreme events and their drivers in the subsurface ocean-home to the majority of marine organisms-is very limited. Here we present global observational evidence for the important role of mesoscale eddies in the occurrence and intensification of subsurface MHWs and MCSs. We found that 80% of measured MHWs and MCSs below a depth of 100 m do not concur with surface events. In contrast to the weak link between surface MHWs (MCSs) and ocean eddies, nearly one-third of subsurface MHWs (MCSs) in the global ocean, and more than half of such events in subtropical gyres and mid-latitude main current systems, occur within anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. These eddy-associated temperature extremes have intensified at rates greater than background level in past decades, suggesting a growing impact of ocean eddies on subsurface MHWs and MCSs with ongoing global warming.
由于全球变暖，极端海洋温度事件变得越来越常见，对生态和社会经济造成了灾难性的影响。尽管基于卫星观测对海面海洋热浪（MHW）和海洋寒冷期（MCS）进行了广泛研究，但我们对这些极端事件及其在海洋深处（海洋生物的主要栖息地）的驱动因素的了解非常有限。在这里，我们提出了全球观测证据，证明中尺度涡旋在海洋次表层 MHW 和 MCS 的发生和加剧中起着重要作用。我们发现，80%的 100 米以下深度测量到的 MHW 和 MCS 与海面事件不一致。与海面 MHW（MCS）与海洋涡旋之间的弱联系不同，全球海洋中有近三分之一的次表层 MHW（MCS），以及亚热带回旋和中纬度主流系统中超过一半的此类事件，发生在反气旋（气旋）涡旋内。在过去几十年中，这些与涡旋相关的极端温度以高于背景水平的速度加剧，这表明随着全球变暖的持续，海洋涡旋对海洋次表层 MHW 和 MCS 的影响越来越大。
