The Role of miR-155 in Modulating Gene Expression in CD4+ T Cells: Insights into Alternative Immune Pathways in Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

CD4+ T cells are considered the main orchestrators of autoimmune diseases. Their disruptive effect on CD4+ T cell differentiation and the imbalance between T helper cell populations can be most accurately determined using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). One epigenetic factor known to promote autoimmune inflammation is miRNA-155 (miR-155), which is significantly upregulated in inflammatory T cells. The aim of the present study was to profile the transcriptome of immunized mice and determine their gene expression levels based on mRNA and miRNA sequencing. No statistically significant differences in miRNA profile were observed; however, substantial changes in gene expression between miRNA-155 knockout (KO) mice and WT were noted. In miR-155 KO mice, mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells changed in response to immunization with the myeloid antigen MOG. After restimulation with MOG, increased (free fatty acid receptor 1) and (secretogranin-2) expression were noted in the CD4+ T cells of miR-155-deficient mice; this is an example of an alternative response to antigen stimulation.