Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 28;25(21):11560. doi: 10.3390/ijms252111560.
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies, with a consistently low five-year survival rate for the past several decades. This is in stark contrast to other cancers, which have seen significant improvement in survival and prognosis due to recent developments in therapeutic modalities. These modest improvements in pancreatic cancer outcomes have primarily resulted from minor advances in cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, with limited progress in other treatment approaches. A major focus of current therapeutic research is the further development of immunomodulatory therapies characterized by antibody-based approaches, cellular therapies, and vaccines. Although initial results utilizing immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer have been mixed, recent clinical trials have demonstrated significant improvements in patient outcomes. In this review, we detail these three approaches to immunomodulation, highlighting their common targets and distinct shortcomings, and we provide a narrative summary of completed and ongoing clinical trials that utilize these approaches to immunomodulation. Within this context, we aim to inform future research efforts by identifying promising areas that warrant further exploration.
胰腺癌仍然是最致命的恶性肿瘤之一，在过去几十年中，其五年生存率一直保持在较低水平。这与其他癌症形成鲜明对比，由于治疗方式的最新发展，其他癌症的生存率和预后已经有了显著改善。由于细胞毒性化学疗法的微小进展，胰腺癌治疗效果的这些适度改善，而其他治疗方法的进展有限。目前治疗研究的一个主要重点是进一步开发免疫调节疗法，其特点是基于抗体的方法、细胞疗法和疫苗。尽管在胰腺癌中使用免疫疗法的初步结果喜忧参半，但最近的临床试验表明患者的治疗结果有了显著改善。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了这三种免疫调节方法，强调了它们的共同靶点和不同的缺点，并对利用这些方法进行免疫调节的已完成和正在进行的临床试验进行了叙述性总结。在这种情况下，我们旨在通过确定有进一步探索价值的有前途的领域，为未来的研究工作提供信息。
