Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 29;25(21):11618. doi: 10.3390/ijms252111618.
The skin is covered by a protective mucus layer, which is essential to the innate defense mechanism of fish. Investigating the response of skin mucus to various toxic stresses is crucial for enhancing its ability to tackle environmental challenges and developing strategies to mitigate toxic effects. Alkalinity stress assays (50 mmol/L NaHCO) were conducted on crucian carp () from Lake Dali Nur (pH = 9.6) and Ping Xiang red crucian carp from freshwater (pH = 7) over 7 days. The expression of skin mucous proteins was analyzed using the liquid chromatography (LC)-spectrometry (MS)/MS Analysis-Data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode. A total of 12,537 proteins were identified across 20 samples from four groups, with 12,025 quantified. In the alkaline water population, high alkali stress resulted in the up-regulation of 139 proteins and the down-regulation of 500 proteins. In contrast, the freshwater population showed an increase in 112 proteins and a decrease in 120; both populations had a total of 23 genes up-regulated and 21 down-regulated. The protein regulatory network for the alkaline water group included 3146 pairwise interactions among 464 nodes, with only 20 being differentially expressed proteins. Conversely, the freshwater group's network comprised just 1027 specific interactions across 337 nodes, with 6 corresponding to differentially expressed proteins. A common protein regulatory network responding to high alkali stress was extracted and visualized for both populations. Based on their regulatory relationships and expression levels, these proteins are hypothesized to play similar roles under high alkali stress. Notably, the alpha-globin fragment and keratin type I cytoskeletal 13-like proteins showed markedly up-regulated expression, with the alpha-globin fragment increasing nearly a thousandfold from an extremely low level. This suggests it could serve as a potential biomarker for alkali tolerance, warranting further investigation.
皮肤表面覆盖着一层保护性的黏液层，这对于鱼类的先天防御机制至关重要。研究皮肤黏液对各种毒性应激的反应对于增强其应对环境挑战的能力以及开发减轻毒性影响的策略至关重要。在 7 天的时间里，对来自大荔湖（pH=9.6）的鲫鱼和来自淡水的萍乡红鲫鱼进行了碱度应激（50mmol/L NaHCO3）实验。使用液相色谱（LC）-质谱（MS）/MS 分析-非依赖性采集（DIA）模式分析皮肤黏液蛋白的表达。在来自四个组的 20 个样本中，共鉴定出 12537 种蛋白质，其中 12025 种被定量。在碱性水中种群中，高碱度应激导致 139 种蛋白质上调和 500 种蛋白质下调。相比之下，淡水种群中上调的蛋白质增加了 112 种，下调的蛋白质增加了 120 种；两个种群共有 23 个基因上调和 21 个基因下调。碱性水组的蛋白质调控网络包含 3146 个对 464 个节点的两两相互作用，其中只有 20 个是差异表达蛋白。相反，淡水组的网络只包含 337 个节点的 1027 个特定相互作用，其中 6 个对应于差异表达蛋白。从两个种群中提取并可视化了一个共同的蛋白质调控网络，以响应高碱度应激。根据它们的调控关系和表达水平，这些蛋白质在高碱度应激下可能发挥相似的作用。值得注意的是，α-球蛋白片段和角蛋白 I 细胞骨架 13 样蛋白表现出明显上调的表达，α-球蛋白片段的表达水平从极低水平增加了近千倍。这表明它可能成为耐碱的潜在生物标志物，值得进一步研究。
