School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering (2024SSY06291), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 2;25(21):11799. doi: 10.3390/ijms252111799.
Osteoarthritis (OA), a common and disabling degenerative joint disease, affects millions of people worldwide and imposes a considerable burden on patients and society due to its high prevalence and economic costs. The pathogenesis of OA is closely related to the progressive degradation of articular cartilage and the accompany inflammation; however, articular cartilage itself cannot heal and modulate the inflammation due to the lack of nerves, blood vessels, and lymph-vessels. Therefore, reliable and effective methods to treat OA remain highly desired. Local administration of drugs or bioactive materials by intra-articular injection of the delivery system represents a promising approach to treat OA, especially considering the prolonged joint retention, cartilage or chondrocytes targeting, and stimuli-responsive release to achieve precision OA therapy. This article summarizes and discusses the advances in the currently used delivery systems (nanoparticle, hydrogel, liposome, and microsphere) and then focuses on their applications in OA treatment from the perspective of endogenous stimulus (redox reactions, pH, enzymes, and temperature) and exogenous stimulus (near-infrared, magnetic, and ultrasound)-responsive release. Finally, the challenges and potential future directions for the development of nano-delivery systems are summarized.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种常见且使人丧失能力的退行性关节疾病，影响着全球数百万人，由于其高患病率和经济成本，给患者和社会带来了相当大的负担。OA 的发病机制与关节软骨的进行性降解和伴随的炎症密切相关；然而，由于缺乏神经、血管和淋巴管，关节软骨本身无法愈合和调节炎症。因此，人们非常希望找到可靠和有效的方法来治疗 OA。通过关节内注射输送系统局部给予药物或生物活性物质是治疗 OA 的一种很有前途的方法，特别是考虑到延长的关节保留时间、软骨或软骨细胞靶向以及刺激响应性释放，以实现精准 OA 治疗。本文总结和讨论了目前使用的输送系统（纳米颗粒、水凝胶、脂质体和微球）的进展，然后从内源性刺激（氧化还原反应、pH 值、酶和温度）和外源性刺激（近红外、磁场和超声）响应性释放的角度重点讨论了它们在 OA 治疗中的应用。最后，总结了纳米输送系统发展面临的挑战和潜在的未来方向。
