Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Av. Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cucuta 540003, Colombia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 4;25(21):11826. doi: 10.3390/ijms252111826.
Infectious diseases have significantly shaped human history, leading to significant advancements in medical science. The discovery and development of antibiotics represented a critical breakthrough, but the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens now presents a serious global health threat. Due to the limitations of current synthetic antimicrobials, such as toxicity and environmental concerns, it is essential to explore alternative solutions. Algae, particularly microalgae and cyanobacteria, have emerged as promising sources of bioactive antimicrobial compounds. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the antimicrobial properties of algal-derived compounds, including polysaccharides, fatty acids, and phenols, which have shown effectiveness against multi-drug-resistant bacteria. A co-occurrence bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer highlighted five key research clusters: antibiotic resistance, algal extracts, biosynthesis, water treatment, and novel pharmacological compounds. Furthermore, the primary mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds, such as the inhibition of protein synthesis and cell membrane disruption, were identified, demonstrating their potential against both common and multi-resistant pathogens. Future research should prioritize optimizing algal biomass production, utilizing genetic and metabolic engineering, and creating innovative delivery systems to enhance the efficient production of bioactive compounds.
传染病极大地影响了人类历史的发展，促使医学科学取得了重大进展。抗生素的发现和发展是一个关键的突破，但现在抗生素耐药性病原体的出现对全球健康构成了严重威胁。由于当前合成抗菌药物存在毒性和环境问题等局限性，因此探索替代解决方案至关重要。藻类，特别是微藻和蓝藻，已成为具有前景的生物活性抗菌化合物的来源。本综述全面分析了藻类衍生化合物的抗菌特性，包括多糖、脂肪酸和酚类化合物，它们对多药耐药菌表现出了有效性。使用 Vosviewer 进行的共现文献计量分析突出了五个关键研究集群：抗生素耐药性、藻类提取物、生物合成、水处理和新型药理化合物。此外，还确定了这些生物活性化合物的主要作用机制，如抑制蛋白质合成和破坏细胞膜，这表明它们对常见和多耐药病原体都具有潜在的作用。未来的研究应优先优化藻类生物量的生产，利用遗传和代谢工程，并创建创新的输送系统，以提高生物活性化合物的高效生产。
