UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 22;16(21):3585. doi: 10.3390/nu16213585.
Obesity management strategies such as caloric restriction, very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs), and meal replacements can lead to moderate short-term weight loss. However, many patients face significant challenges in maintaining these results. Personalized interventions, including behavioral counseling and physical activity, have been shown to improve long-term adherence and success. Current clinical guidelines emphasize the pivotal role of dietitians in enhancing patient outcomes through nutritional therapy. When combined with pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, the focus shifts from mere weight loss to broader health improvements.
This review explores the evolving role of dietitians in obesity management, advocating for a shift from a weight-centric approach to a more holistic model that prioritizes overall health gains. Key areas of interest include dietetic interventions' impact on metabolic health, cardiovascular function, gut microbiome balance, inflammation, and psychological well-being.
Dietetic interventions have been shown to provide significant health improvements beyond weight loss. These include enhanced metabolic and cardiovascular health, better gut microbiome balance, reduced inflammation, improved sleep quality, mental well-being, and overall quality of life. By focusing on non-scale victories such as improved insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and mental health, dietitians play a crucial role in driving long-term success in obesity management. These outcomes highlight the need to shift the focus from short-term weight loss to a more comprehensive view of health gains.
The role of dietitians in obesity management is expanding to encompass a more comprehensive and individualized approach. Moving beyond a focus on weight reduction, this paradigm promotes long-term, patient-centered strategies that address the multifactorial nature of obesity. By combining dietary changes with regular physical activity and behavioral support, dietitians can contribute to sustained health improvements, treating obesity as a chronic, complex disease.
热量限制、极低卡路里饮食（VLCD）和代餐等肥胖管理策略可以带来适度的短期减重效果。然而，许多患者在维持这些效果方面面临重大挑战。个性化干预措施，包括行为咨询和身体活动，已被证明可以提高长期的依从性和成功率。目前的临床指南强调营养师通过营养治疗来改善患者结局的关键作用。当与药物治疗和减重手术相结合时，重点从单纯的体重减轻转移到更广泛的健康改善。
本综述探讨了营养师在肥胖管理中的作用演变，倡导从以体重为中心的方法转变为更注重整体健康收益的综合模式。感兴趣的关键领域包括饮食干预对代谢健康、心血管功能、肠道微生物群平衡、炎症和心理幸福感的影响。
饮食干预已被证明除了减轻体重之外还能带来显著的健康改善。这些改善包括增强代谢和心血管健康、改善肠道微生物群平衡、减少炎症、改善睡眠质量、心理健康和整体生活质量。通过关注非体重相关的胜利，如改善胰岛素敏感性、脂质谱和心理健康，营养师在推动肥胖管理的长期成功方面发挥着关键作用。这些结果强调了从短期体重减轻转变为更全面的健康收益视角的必要性。
营养师在肥胖管理中的作用正在扩大，涵盖更全面和个体化的方法。超越关注体重减轻，这种模式促进了长期、以患者为中心的策略，解决了肥胖的多因素性质。通过将饮食改变与定期身体活动和行为支持相结合，营养师可以为持续的健康改善做出贡献，将肥胖视为一种慢性、复杂的疾病。
