Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences and Behavior, Nucleus of Behavior Theory Research, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 23;16(21):3594. doi: 10.3390/nu16213594.
Carbohydrate Counting (CC) is important in managing the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with adherence to CC in adults with T1DM in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire. Information was collected on sociodemographic, economic, clinical, and anthropometric factors; knowledge of the CC strategy; the acquisition of supplies; the perception of mathematical skills as a hurdle in adhering to CC; and follow-up with healthcare professionals. Pearson's chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was applied ( < 0.05). Of the 173 participants, 72.8% practiced CC. Practicing CC was associated with having an income higher than three minimum wage equivalents ( = 0.023), and not practicing CC due to the lack of supplies for glucose monitoring was associated with having practiced CC at some point but is currently not practicing ( < 0.001). Not practicing the necessary calculations for CC was associated with "knowing how to do CC but had never done it" and "had done CC at some point but currently not practicing" ( < 0.001). Stopping or having stopped practicing CC due to insufficient materials for glucose monitoring was associated with having practiced CC for a period but is not currently doing so ( < 0.001). Following up with healthcare professionals ( < 0.001) and receiving encouragement from the endocrinologist ( < 0.001) and nutritionist ( = 0.047) were associated with adherence to CC. Having a better financial status, performing the mathematical calculations required for CC, having access to supplies for glucose monitoring, and receiving specialized professional follow-up were factors associated with adherence to CC in Brazil.
碳水化合物计数（CC）在管理 1 型糖尿病（T1DM）的治疗中很重要。本研究旨在评估巴西成人 T1DM 患者依从 CC 的相关因素。采用横断面研究方法，通过在线问卷收集社会人口统计学、经济、临床和人体测量学因素、CC 策略知识、用品获取、将数学技能视为遵守 CC 的障碍的感知以及与医疗保健专业人员的随访情况。应用 Pearson 卡方检验或 Fisher 确切检验（<0.05）。在 173 名参与者中，72.8%的人实施了 CC。实施 CC 与收入高于三个最低工资标准（=0.023）相关，而由于缺乏血糖监测用品而不实施 CC 则与曾经实施过 CC 但目前未实施相关（<0.001）。未进行 CC 必要计算与“知道如何进行 CC 但从未做过”和“曾经进行过 CC 但目前未进行”相关（<0.001）。由于缺乏血糖监测材料而停止或已经停止实施 CC 与曾经实施过 CC 但目前不实施相关（<0.001）。与医疗保健专业人员进行随访（<0.001）以及接受内分泌医生（<0.001）和营养师（=0.047）的鼓励与 CC 的依从性相关。经济状况较好、进行 CC 所需的数学计算、获得血糖监测用品以及接受专业的后续治疗是巴西患者依从 CC 的相关因素。
