Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 23;16(21):3598. doi: 10.3390/nu16213598.
In recent decades, the rapid spread of various communication media has led to changes in traditional eating habits. In the Mediterranean region, the classic (Mediterranean) dietary pattern has been lost as a result. This has led to a shift in eating habits towards unhealthy eating patterns, which in turn has resulted in an inadequate distribution of body composition. It is known that, among other things, the number of non-communicable diseases increases with the inadequate distribution of body composition. The aim of our study was to examine the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) of older adults in the Mediterranean region in relation to specific body composition parameters. This study included 521 older adults with a mean age of 69.6 ± 6.3 years. Body composition was measured using the BIA 101 Anniversary device (Akern s.r.l., Florence, Italy) and adherence to the MD was assessed using the MEDLIFE index questionnaire. This study found significant differences in body composition between males and females. The mean adherence to the MD was 17.0 ± 3.3 points among the participants and there was higher adherence in females ( = 0.002, η = 0.019). A multiple linear regression was performed to assess the relationship between the body composition parameters and MD. Multiple linear regression models were significant for reactance, fat mass (%), fat-free mass (%), skeletal muscle index, and total body water (%), with specific individual MEDLIFE items such as the consumption of processed meat, meat, white meat, fruit, vegetables, olive oil and limiting snacks between meals. Moreover, promising correlations were found between certain MD characteristics and BIA parameters, but the overall health effects of the MD remain unclear.
近几十年来，各种通讯媒体的迅速传播导致传统饮食习惯发生了变化。在地中海地区，经典（地中海）饮食模式已经消失。这导致饮食习惯向不健康的饮食模式转变，从而导致身体成分分布不均。众所周知，除其他外，身体成分分布不均会导致非传染性疾病的数量增加。我们的研究目的是检查地中海地区老年人对地中海饮食（MD）的依从程度与特定身体成分参数之间的关系。这项研究包括 521 名年龄在 69.6 ± 6.3 岁的老年人。使用 BIA 101 周年纪念设备（意大利佛罗伦萨的 Akern s.r.l.）测量身体成分，使用 MEDLIFE 指数问卷评估 MD 的依从性。这项研究发现男性和女性之间的身体成分存在显著差异。参与者中 MD 的平均依从率为 17.0 ± 3.3 分，女性的依从率更高（ = 0.002，η = 0.019）。进行了多元线性回归分析，以评估身体成分参数与 MD 之间的关系。对于电抗、体脂肪（%）、去脂体重（%）、骨骼肌指数和总体液（%），多元线性回归模型是显著的，特定的 MEDLIFE 项目，如加工肉、肉、白肉、水果、蔬菜、橄榄油和限制零食的摄入，与这些参数之间存在显著关联。此外，还发现某些 MD 特征与 BIA 参数之间存在有希望的相关性，但 MD 的整体健康影响仍不清楚。
