Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
Discipline Physiology III, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 23;16(21):3604. doi: 10.3390/nu16213604.
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy, characterised by a complex pathophysiology, with mitochondrial dysfunction playing a significant role in the cellular damage and apoptosis of ganglion cells. Niacin is a precursor to several molecules acting as coenzymes in the mitochondrial production of ATP, in DNA repair and in the reduction of reactive oxygen species. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the impact of daily niacin intake on glaucoma.
Case-control and cohort studies regarding niacin and glaucoma, indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus, were included. Other study methodologies, studies regarding niacin in other ocular disease or other nutrients in glaucoma were excluded. Bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (no. CRD42024578889).
Five case-control studies were included. In the pooled analysis, a significantly higher proportion of patients with high niacin consumption was found in the group without glaucoma compared to those with glaucoma as defined by ISGEO criteria (-value < 0.00001; OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.55-0.79) or as defined by retinal imaging (-value = 0.02; OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.94).
Daily dietary intake of niacin is significantly lower in patients with glaucoma compared to the general population. Given different average daily intakes of niacin in these populations, different glaucoma definitions and several confounding variables which weaken the associations, large sample, standardised randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the potential benefits of niacin in glaucoma.
青光眼是一种进行性视神经病变，其特征为复杂的病理生理学，其中线粒体功能障碍在神经节细胞的细胞损伤和细胞凋亡中起着重要作用。烟酸是几种分子的前体，这些分子在细胞线粒体中产生 ATP、DNA 修复和减少活性氧物质的过程中作为辅酶发挥作用。本系统评价的目的是评估每日烟酸摄入对青光眼的影响。
纳入了在 PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane 和 Scopus 中索引的关于烟酸和青光眼的病例对照和队列研究。其他研究方法、关于烟酸在其他眼部疾病或其他营养素在青光眼方面的研究均被排除在外。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估偏倚。该研究方案已在 PROSPERO 数据库中注册（编号：CRD42024578889）。
纳入了 5 项病例对照研究。在汇总分析中，与 ISGEO 标准定义的青光眼患者（-值<0.00001；OR=0.66，95%CI 0.55-0.79）或视网膜成像定义的青光眼患者相比，高烟酸摄入组中无青光眼患者的比例显著更高（-值<0.00001；OR=0.66，95%CI 0.55-0.79）。
与一般人群相比，青光眼患者的每日饮食烟酸摄入量明显较低。鉴于这些人群的烟酸平均每日摄入量不同、不同的青光眼定义以及削弱关联的几个混杂变量，需要进行大型样本、标准化随机对照试验来证实烟酸在青光眼方面的潜在益处。
