Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 24;16(21):3612. doi: 10.3390/nu16213612.
This study identified bottle-feeding techniques for infants with feeding difficulties. Between December 2021 and April 2022, a survey was distributed to nurses with at least 5 years of experience in caring for infants at 1109 hospitals in Japan. The questionnaire included open-ended questions regarding preparation before bottle-feeding, methods of nipple insertion, methods of assisting with sucking, and criteria for continuing bottle-feeding. The responses were classified according to semantic similarity. In total, 514 valid responses were received. The respondents had an average of 19.16 years of experience as a nurse or midwife. The most frequently used nipples for infants with feeding difficulties were the Combi Breastfeeding Model, Pigeon Weak Sucking Nipple, and Bean Stalk Nipple. Preparation before bottle-feeding consisted of six categories, including determining the timing of feeding and stimulation to promote wakeup. Nipple insertion methods consisted of four categories, such as assisted opening of the mouth, nipple insertion, and nipple insertion depth. Methods of assisting with sucking were divided into four categories, including encouraging sucking ability from around the mouth and matching the infant's sucking pace. The criteria for continuing bottle-feeding spanned three categories, including willingness to suck and ensuring necessary nutrition. The variety of survey responses describes the current state of bottle-feeding technologies. A combination of several techniques indicated that feeding strategies may lead to effective and appropriate feeding. The nurses continued feeding based on an assessment of the infant's acceptance. Future studies regarding bottle-feeding techniques must consider the individuality of each infant.
本研究旨在确定针对喂养困难婴儿的奶瓶喂养技术。2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 4 月期间，向日本 1109 家医院中至少有 5 年婴儿护理经验的护士分发了一份调查问卷。问卷中包含了一些开放性问题，内容涉及奶瓶喂养前的准备、奶嘴插入方法、辅助吸吮方法以及继续奶瓶喂养的标准。根据语义相似性对回答进行了分类。共收到 514 份有效回复。受访者作为护士或助产士的平均工作经验为 19.16 年。对于有喂养困难的婴儿，最常使用的奶嘴是 Combi 母乳喂养模型、鸽子弱吸吮奶嘴和豆荚奶嘴。奶瓶喂养前的准备包括六个类别，包括确定喂养时间和刺激以促进醒来。奶嘴插入方法包括四个类别，如辅助开口、奶嘴插入和插入深度。辅助吸吮方法分为四个类别，如鼓励口周吸吮能力和匹配婴儿吸吮节奏。继续奶瓶喂养的标准分为三个类别，包括愿意吸吮和确保必要的营养。调查回复的多样性描述了当前奶瓶喂养技术的现状。几种技术的结合表明，喂养策略可能会带来有效且合适的喂养效果。护士根据婴儿的接受程度继续喂养。未来关于奶瓶喂养技术的研究必须考虑到每个婴儿的个体差异。
