Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil.
Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 25;16(21):3621. doi: 10.3390/nu16213621.
Aging is a dynamic and progressive process characterized by the gradual accumulation of cellular damage. The continuous functional decline in the intrinsic capacity of living organisms to precisely regulate homeostasis leads to an increased susceptibility and vulnerability to diseases. Among the factors contributing to these changes, body composition-comprised of fat mass and lean mass deposits-plays a crucial role in the trajectory of a disability. Particularly, visceral and intermuscular fat deposits increase with aging and are associated with adverse health outcomes, having been linked to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Adipose tissue is involved in the secretion of bioactive factors that can ultimately mediate inter-organ pathology, including skeletal muscle pathology, through the induction of a pro-inflammatory profile such as a SASP, cellular senescence, and immunosenescence, among other events. Extensive research has shown that natural compounds have the ability to modulate the mechanisms associated with cellular senescence, in addition to exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory potential, making them interesting strategies for promoting healthy aging. In this review, we will discuss how factors such as cellular senescence and the presence of a pro-inflammatory phenotype can negatively impact body composition and lead to the development of age-related diseases, as well as how the use of polyphenols can be a functional measure for restoring balance, maintaining tissue quality and composition, and promoting health.
衰老是一个动态的、渐进的过程，其特征是细胞损伤的逐渐积累。活生物体内在调节体内平衡的能力持续下降，导致其对疾病的易感性和脆弱性增加。在导致这些变化的因素中，身体成分（由脂肪质量和瘦体重沉积组成）在残疾轨迹中起着关键作用。特别是，内脏和肌肉间脂肪沉积随着年龄的增长而增加，与不良健康结果相关，并与肌少症的发病机制有关。脂肪组织参与生物活性因子的分泌，这些因子最终可以通过诱导促炎表型（如 SASP、细胞衰老和免疫衰老等事件）来介导器官间病理学，包括骨骼肌病理学。大量研究表明，天然化合物具有调节与细胞衰老相关的机制的能力，此外还具有抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节潜力，因此成为促进健康衰老的有趣策略。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论细胞衰老和促炎表型的存在等因素如何对身体成分产生负面影响，并导致与年龄相关的疾病的发展，以及多酚的使用如何成为恢复平衡、维持组织质量和组成以及促进健康的一种功能措施。
