Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 31;16(21):3726. doi: 10.3390/nu16213726.
More than 70% of pregnant adolescents in developing countries experience inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG).
To determine the association of the number of antenatal care visits (ANC) with GWG, birth weight, and their differences between two countries.
A prospective study was conducted in two cohorts of adolescents, one from Mexico and one from Colombia. The study calculated pregestational body mass index (BMI), obtained GWG and birth weight, and collected socioeconomic characteristics. Birth weight was categorized according to gestational age. A total of 690 mother-child pairs were included, of which 42.6% were Colombian and 57.4% Mexican.
The study found no association between socioeconomic characteristics and GWG or birth weight. Colombian adolescents were more likely to experience insufficient GWG (68%), compared with 36% of Mexican adolescents. Colombian adolescents who attended fewer than eight ANC visits were at increased risk of insufficient GWG, whereas Mexican adolescents were at increased risk of excessive GWG. Mexican adolescents who began their pregnancies overweight or obese were at increased risk of excessive GWG. Fewer than eight ANC visits were associated with small for gestational age (SGA) in the Mexican cohort.
Inadequate numbers of ANC visits were associated with excessive and insufficient GWG, and SGA. Promoting ANC in adolescent pregnancy is essential to prevent suboptimal GWG and SGA. This study highlights the need for interventions targeting pregnant adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds, prioritizing early initiation of prenatal care (first trimester) and a drastic reduction in the high rates of cesarean sections in this group.
发展中国家超过 70%的青少年孕妇经历了不适当的妊娠体重增加（GWG）。
确定产前保健次数（ANC）与 GWG、出生体重及其在两个国家之间的差异之间的关联。
在两个青少年队列中进行了一项前瞻性研究，一个来自墨西哥，另一个来自哥伦比亚。该研究计算了孕前体重指数（BMI），获得了 GWG 和出生体重，并收集了社会经济特征。根据胎龄对出生体重进行了分类。共纳入了 690 对母婴对，其中 42.6%来自哥伦比亚，57.4%来自墨西哥。
研究发现社会经济特征与 GWG 或出生体重之间没有关联。与墨西哥青少年的 36%相比，哥伦比亚青少年更有可能经历不适当的 GWG（68%）。接受少于 8 次 ANC 就诊的哥伦比亚青少年发生不适当 GWG 的风险增加，而墨西哥青少年发生过多 GWG 的风险增加。开始怀孕时超重或肥胖的墨西哥青少年发生过多 GWG 的风险增加。少于 8 次 ANC 就诊与墨西哥队列的小于胎龄儿（SGA）相关。
ANC 就诊次数不足与 GWG 过多和不足以及 SGA 相关。促进青少年妊娠中的 ANC 至关重要，可预防 GWG 和 SGA 不理想。这项研究强调了针对社会经济背景较低的孕妇青少年进行干预的必要性，优先考虑早孕（孕早期）开始产前保健，并大幅降低该组人群的剖宫产率。
