Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Department of Teacher Education, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 31;16(21):3729. doi: 10.3390/nu16213729.
This study investigated the effects of decreased energy availability (EA) and carbohydrate availability (CA) on reproductive and metabolic hormones in male endurance-trained athletes.
Thirteen athletes (age: 26.08 ± 4.3 years; weight: 70.9 ± 6.5 kg; height: 179.9 ± 4.2 cm) participated in two training weeks with varying training volumes (low [LV] and high [HV]). The participants logged their diet and exercise for seven days and provided blood samples to measure hormone levels (Testosterone [T], insulin, leptin, cortisol, and interleukin-6 [IL-6]).
Results showed that 46.2% (HV) and 38.5% (LV) of participants were at risk for low EA (≤25 kcal/kg FFM·d-1), while 53.8% (HV) and 69.2% (LV) had low CA (<6 g/kg). Strong positive correlations were found between leptin and body fat percentage (DXABFP) in both weeks (HV: r(11) = 0.88, < 0.001; LV: r(11) = 0.93, < 0.001). Moderate correlations were observed between T and DXABFP (r(11) = 0.56, = 0.05) and negative correlations between leptin and fat intake (r(11) = -0.60, = 0.03). Regression analyses indicated significant relationships between DXABFP and T (F(1,11) = 4.91, = 0.049), leptin (HV: F(1,11) = 40.56, < 0.001; LV: F(1,11) = 74.67, < 0.001), and cortisol (F(1,11) = 6.69, = 0.025).
These findings suggest that monitoring body composition and macronutrients can be clinically useful for male athletes, especially those without access to blood testing. Ultimately, a greater understanding of health and performance outcomes for male athletes is needed.
本研究旨在探讨能量和碳水化合物摄入减少对男性耐力运动员生殖和代谢激素的影响。
13 名运动员（年龄：26.08 ± 4.3 岁；体重：70.9 ± 6.5 公斤；身高：179.9 ± 4.2 厘米）参与了两个不同训练量的训练周（低训练量[LV]和高训练量[HV]）。参与者记录了他们的饮食和运动情况，共七天，并提供了血液样本以测量激素水平（睾酮[T]、胰岛素、瘦素、皮质醇和白细胞介素-6 [IL-6]）。
结果显示，46.2%（HV）和 38.5%（LV）的参与者处于低能量摄入（≤25 kcal/kg FFM·d-1）的风险中，而 53.8%（HV）和 69.2%（LV）的碳水化合物摄入不足（<6 g/kg）。在这两周中，瘦素与体脂百分比（DXABFP）之间存在强烈的正相关（HV：r(11) = 0.88，<0.001；LV：r(11) = 0.93，<0.001）。T 与 DXABFP 之间存在中度相关性（r(11) = 0.56，= 0.05），而瘦素与脂肪摄入量之间存在负相关（r(11) = -0.60，= 0.03）。回归分析表明，DXABFP 与 T（F(1,11) = 4.91，= 0.049）、瘦素（HV：F(1,11) = 40.56，<0.001；LV：F(1,11) = 74.67，<0.001）和皮质醇（F(1,11) = 6.69，= 0.025）之间存在显著关系。
这些发现表明，监测身体成分和宏量营养素对男性运动员，特别是那些无法进行血液检测的运动员具有临床意义。最终，需要更深入地了解男性运动员的健康和表现结果。
