Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 1;16(21):3765. doi: 10.3390/nu16213765.
Many clinical practice guidelines recommend dietary pulses for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The impact of extracted pulse proteins remains unclear. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effect of extracted pulse proteins on therapeutic lipid targets.
MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through April 2024 for trials of ≥3-weeks. The primary outcome was low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). The secondary outcomes were other lipid targets. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Subgroup analyses included by pulse type and the certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
Seven included trials (14 trial comparisons, n = 453) with a median of 4-weeks duration and dose of 35 g/day showed that extracted pulse proteins decreased LDL-C by -0.23 mmol/L (95% confidence interval: -0.36 to -0.10 mmol/L, < 0.001). Similar effects were observed for non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. No interactions were found by pulse type. Subgroup analyses revealed effect modification by sex, with greater proportions of females seeing greater reductions. GRADE was generally moderate.
Extracted pulse proteins likely result in moderate reductions in LDL-C and other lipid targets. Future studies on various types of extracted pulse proteins including assessments by sex are warranted.
许多临床实践指南建议食用豆类来预防和管理心血管疾病和糖尿病。提取的豆类蛋白的影响尚不清楚。因此，我们对提取的豆类蛋白对治疗性脂质靶点影响的随机对照试验进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。
通过 MEDLINE、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆检索了 2024 年 4 月之前的试验，试验时间≥3 周。主要结局是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。次要结局是其他脂质靶点。独立评审员提取数据并评估偏倚风险。亚组分析包括豆类类型，并使用 GRADE 评估证据的确定性。
7 项纳入的试验（14 项试验比较，n=453），平均持续时间为 4 周，剂量为 35 g/天，结果表明提取的豆类蛋白使 LDL-C 降低了-0.23 mmol/L（95%置信区间：-0.36 至-0.10 mmol/L，<0.001）。非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白 B 也观察到类似的效果。按豆类类型未发现交互作用。亚组分析显示，性别存在效应修饰，女性比例越高，降低幅度越大。GRADE 通常为中等。
提取的豆类蛋白可能会导致 LDL-C 和其他脂质靶点的适度降低。未来需要对各种类型的提取豆类蛋白进行研究，包括对性别进行评估。
