Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442001, India.
Department of Anesthesia, School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442001, India.
Mol Biomed. 2024 Nov 11;5(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s43556-024-00222-x.
Biomedical research is fundamental in developing preventive and therapeutic vaccines, serving as a cornerstone of global public health. This review explores the key concepts, methodologies, tools, and challenges in the vaccine development landscape, focusing on transitioning from basic biomedical sciences to clinical applications. Foundational disciplines such as virology, immunology, and molecular biology lay the groundwork for vaccine creation, while recent innovations like messenger RNA (mRNA) technology and reverse vaccinology have transformed the field. Additionally, it highlights the role of pharmaceutical advancements in translating lab discoveries into clinical solutions. Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, genome sequencing, monoclonal antibodies, and computational modeling have significantly enhanced vaccine precision and efficacy, expediting the development of vaccines against infectious diseases. The review also discusses challenges that continue to hinder progress, including stringent regulatory pathways, vaccine hesitancy, and the rapid emergence of new pathogens. These obstacles underscore the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and the adoption of innovative strategies. Integrating personalized medicine, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence is expected to revolutionize vaccine science further. By embracing these advancements, biomedical research has the potential to overcome existing challenges and usher in a new era of therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines, ultimately improving global health outcomes. This review emphasizes the critical role of vaccines in combating current and future health threats, advocating for continued investment in biomedical science and technology.
生物医药研究是开发预防和治疗性疫苗的基础，是全球公共卫生的基石。本综述探讨了疫苗开发领域的关键概念、方法、工具和挑战，重点关注从基础生物医学科学向临床应用的转变。病毒学、免疫学和分子生物学等基础学科为疫苗的创造奠定了基础，而最近的创新，如信使 RNA（mRNA）技术和反向疫苗学，已经改变了这一领域。此外，它还强调了制药行业在将实验室发现转化为临床解决方案方面的作用。CRISPR-Cas9、基因组测序、单克隆抗体和计算建模等技术极大地提高了疫苗的精度和效果，加速了针对传染病的疫苗的开发。该综述还讨论了继续阻碍进展的挑战，包括严格的监管途径、疫苗犹豫和新病原体的快速出现。这些障碍突出表明需要进行跨学科合作和采用创新策略。整合个性化医学、纳米技术和人工智能有望进一步推动疫苗科学的革命。通过采用这些进展，生物医药研究有潜力克服现有挑战，迎来治疗性和预防性疫苗的新时代，最终改善全球健康结果。本综述强调了疫苗在应对当前和未来健康威胁方面的关键作用，倡导继续投资于生物医学科学和技术。
