人体肠道内细菌的多样性及其对真核生物功能统一性的贡献。
Diversity of bacteria within the human gut and its contribution to the functional unity of holobionts.
机构信息
Department of Microbiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
出版信息
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024 Nov 23;10(1):134. doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00580-y.
Abstract
The composition of bacteria in the human colon has been a subject of interest since the beginning of microbiology. With the development of methods for culturing strict anaerobic bacteria under multiple culture conditions, it was shown the gut contained more than 400 bacterial species and different people harbor different abundant species. The term "gut microbiome" in this review refers to bacteria studied in stool samples. Molecular methods for determining the bacterial composition of human gut has revealed more than 3000 species and less than 130 genera, indicating that the diversity of human colonic bacteria is concentrated at the species and strain levels. This review concludes with a discussion of how diversity can lead to unity of individual holobionts, between holobionts, and between populations. One of the reasons for the unity is that different bacterial species can have similar functional genes.
摘要
自微生物学诞生以来，人类结肠中的细菌组成一直是研究的热点。随着在多种培养条件下培养严格厌氧菌的方法的发展，人们发现肠道中含有 400 多种细菌，不同的人携带的丰富物种也不同。在本综述中，术语“肠道微生物组”是指在粪便样本中研究的细菌。用于确定人类肠道细菌组成的分子方法揭示了 3000 多种以上的物种和不到 130 个属，这表明人类结肠细菌的多样性集中在物种和菌株水平。本文最后讨论了多样性如何导致个体整体、整体之间以及种群之间的统一。统一性的原因之一是不同的细菌物种可能具有相似的功能基因。
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