儿童 gluten 相关疾病的饮食挑战：对食物恐惧症的研究
Dietary Challenges in Children with Gluten-Related Disorders: A Study on Food Neophobia.
机构信息
Human Nutrition Graduate Program, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 17;16(22):3924. doi: 10.3390/nu16223924.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Food neophobia (FN) in childhood is characterized by resistance to new foods, potentially impairing health and diet quality and impacting physical and mental development. Adequate nutrition in early childhood is crucial to preventing future problems. FN demands special attention, especially in cases of gluten-related disorders (GRD), due to the risks associated with restrictive diets and food allergies. The objective of this study was to investigate and classify the prevalence of FN among Brazilian children aged 4 to 11 years with GRD.
METHODS
For this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire validated in Portuguese, with 25 items, assessed FN in three domains: general FN, FN of fruits, and FN of vegetables. Data were collected via Google Forms.
RESULTS
Of 209 children with GRD, the majority were female, 83.7% were diagnosed with celiac conditions, 81.3% followed a diet, and 43.1% had moderate total food neophobia. Brazilian children with GRD have a moderate prevalence of food neophobia. General and vegetable neophobia predominate, while fruit FN is lower. Girls exhibit greater neophobia towards vegetables.
CONCLUSIONS
Neophobia does not vary with age, suggesting the persistence of the behavior and potential nutritional challenges in adult life. Differentiated attention to this population is essential to minimize long-term impacts.
背景/目的：儿童时期的食物恐新症（FN）表现为对新食物的抗拒，可能会影响健康和饮食质量，影响身心发展。儿童早期的充足营养对于预防未来的问题至关重要。FN 需要特别关注，特别是在与麸质相关疾病（GRD）的情况下，因为限制饮食和食物过敏会带来相关风险。本研究旨在调查和分类患有 GRD 的 4 至 11 岁巴西儿童的 FN 患病率。
方法
这项横断面研究使用了一份经葡萄牙语验证的、包含 25 个项目的问卷，评估了 FN 在三个领域的表现：一般 FN、水果 FN 和蔬菜 FN。数据通过 Google 表单收集。
结果
在 209 名患有 GRD 的儿童中，大多数为女性（83.7%），被诊断为乳糜泻（celiac conditions）的占 81.3%，遵循饮食方案的占 81.3%，有中度总体食物恐新症的占 43.1%。患有 GRD 的巴西儿童有中度的食物恐新症患病率。一般和蔬菜 FN 占主导地位，而水果 FN 较低。女孩对蔬菜的恐新程度更高。
结论
FN 不随年龄变化，这表明这种行为持续存在，且在成年生活中可能存在潜在的营养挑战。对这一人群给予差异化关注对于最小化长期影响至关重要。
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