Koushiou Maria, Manzoor Sauleha, Jossif Antonis, Ferreira Nuno
Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus.
Paedi Center for Specialized Pediatrics, Athalassa Avenue, 178, Nicosia 2025, Cyprus.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Dec 23;12(24):2594. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12242594.
: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent condition affecting young people that often necessitates complex medical interventions. This study aims to provide a synthesis of existing meta-analyses examining the impact of CHD on the cognitive functioning in children and young people; : A comprehensive literature review was conducted, identifying peer-reviewed meta-analyses from 1 January 1976 to 17 December 2024, focusing on the cognitive outcomes of CHD patients aged 0-24 years. Data extraction covered study details, participant demographics, outcomes, and quality assessments. Quality assessment followed the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist, and a narrative synthesis was conducted; : The narrative synthesis highlighted significant cognitive impairments in children with CHD across domains such as Intelligence Quotient (IQ), executive functions (EF), memory, and alertness. Cognitive impairments were also observed to become worse with increasing age. Furthermore, surgical interventions were found to impact cognitive outcomes, with surgeries at an early age improving survival rates but not entirely mitigating cognitive deficits. Cognitive impairments were more marked in young people assessed at an older age and with a more complex CHD presentation. : Children with CHD face persistent cognitive challenges, underscoring the need for early identification and tailored interventions. Routine cognitive assessments and comprehensive care, including educational and psychological support, are crucial for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to track cognitive development and explore effective rehabilitation programs.
先天性心脏病（CHD）是一种常见于年轻人的疾病，通常需要复杂的医学干预。本研究旨在综合现有的荟萃分析，探讨CHD对儿童和年轻人认知功能的影响。进行了全面的文献综述，检索了1976年1月1日至2024年12月17日期间经同行评审的荟萃分析，重点关注0至24岁CHD患者的认知结果。数据提取涵盖研究细节、参与者人口统计学、结果和质量评估。质量评估遵循苏格兰跨学院指南网络（SIGN）清单，并进行了叙述性综合分析。叙述性综合分析强调，CHD患儿在智商（IQ）、执行功能（EF）、记忆和警觉性等领域存在显著的认知障碍。随着年龄增长，认知障碍也会加重。此外，手术干预会影响认知结果，早期手术可提高生存率，但不能完全减轻认知缺陷。在年龄较大且CHD表现较复杂的年轻人中，认知障碍更为明显。CHD患儿面临持续的认知挑战，这凸显了早期识别和针对性干预的必要性。常规认知评估和包括教育及心理支持在内的全面护理对于改善神经发育结果至关重要。未来的研究应侧重于纵向研究，以跟踪认知发展并探索有效的康复方案。
