Nishikawa Hiroki, Kim Soo Ki, Asai Akira
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe Asahi Hospital, Kobe 653-8501, Hyogo, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 25;26(3):1043. doi: 10.3390/ijms26031043.
Myokine is a general term for hormones, peptides, and other substances secreted by skeletal muscle. Myokine has attracted much attention in recent years as a key substance for understanding the mechanism of "exercise and health". Skeletal muscle accounts for about 40% of the total human weight and is now recognized as an endocrine organ that produces myokines, which have physiological activity. Representative myokines include IL-6, myostatin, irisin, brain-derived neurotropic factor, fibroblast growth factor-21, and decorin. On the other hand, sarcopenia, defined by quantitative and qualitative loss of skeletal muscle, is a condition that has received much attention in recent years because of its close correlation with prognosis. In patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), sarcopenia is a common complication. Mechanisms underlying sarcopenia in CLD patients have been reported to involve protein-energy malnutrition, which is characteristic of patients with cirrhosis, signaling involved in protein synthesis and degradation, myokines such as myostatin and decorin, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, sex hormones such as testosterone, dysbiosis, and insulin resistance, etc., in addition to aging. Each of these pathological conditions is thought to be intricately related to each other, leading to sarcopenia. This review will summarize the relationship between CLD and myokines.
肌动蛋白是骨骼肌分泌的激素、肽和其他物质的统称。近年来，肌动蛋白作为理解“运动与健康”机制的关键物质备受关注。骨骼肌约占人体总重量的40%，现在被认为是一种能产生具有生理活性的肌动蛋白的内分泌器官。代表性的肌动蛋白包括白细胞介素-6、肌肉生长抑制素、鸢尾素、脑源性神经营养因子、成纤维细胞生长因子-21和核心蛋白聚糖。另一方面，肌肉减少症是指骨骼肌在数量和质量上的丧失，由于其与预后密切相关，近年来受到了广泛关注。在慢性肝病（CLD）患者中，肌肉减少症是一种常见的并发症。据报道，CLD患者肌肉减少症的潜在机制包括蛋白质能量营养不良（这是肝硬化患者的特征）、蛋白质合成和降解相关的信号传导、肌肉生长抑制素和核心蛋白聚糖等肌动蛋白、泛素-蛋白酶体途径、睾酮等性激素、肠道菌群失调和胰岛素抵抗等，此外还有衰老因素。这些病理状况中的每一种都被认为相互之间存在复杂的关联，从而导致肌肉减少症。本综述将总结CLD与肌动蛋白之间的关系。
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