新冠疫情对西班牙青少年自尊和身体形象的影响。
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-esteem and body image in Spanish adolescents.
作者信息
Domínguez-Martín Ana Teresa, Rico-Martín Sergio, Calderón-García Julián F, Huerta-González Sara, Lavado-García Jesús, Roncero-Martín Raúl, de la Luz Canal-Macías María, Pedrera-Zamorano Juan Diego, López-Espuela Fidel
机构信息
Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group (GIEMO), Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Avd. Universidad s/n, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.
出版信息
BMC Psychol. 2025 Feb 18;13(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02478-6.
INTRODUCTION
Adolescence is the period in which individual and social identity, including self-esteem and body image perception, is consolidated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns were ordered, and adolescents experienced an abrupt disruption in their lives. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (pre- or postpandemic period) on self-esteem and body image.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study of Spanish adolescents was conducted between 2016 and 2023. Participants were categorized according to the COVID-19 period (pre- or postpandemic period). The Rosenberg Questionnaire and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were administered to evaluate self-esteem and satisfaction with body image.
RESULTS
A total of 627 adolescents were analysed. Of these adolescents, 297 (47.3%) were included in the postpandemic group. In both girls (32.75 ± 5.23 vs. 28.19 ± 6.59; p < 0.001) and boys (33.53 ± 4.08 vs. 32.18 ± 4.87; p = 0.005), significant differences in the Rosenberg Questionnaire and BSQ scores were observed between the prepandemic group and the postpandemic group. Adolescents in the postpandemic group (adjusted OR [aOR]: 5.24; 95% CI: 2.61-10.51; p < 0.001) had a greater risk of low self-esteem. Both good and regular-poor self-perceived health were significantly associated with female sex. Moreover, adolescents in the postpandemic group (aOR: 3.06; 95% CI: 1.94-4.82; P < 0.001) and female adolescents with self-perceived good and fair-poor health had an increased risk of mild self-esteem. Additionally, the postpandemic period (aOR: 5.42 95% CI: 2.96-9.93; p < 0.001), female sex, obesity and regular-poor self-perceived health were significantly associated with dissatisfaction about body shape.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents in the postpandemic group had worse self-esteem and body image scores, and adolescents in this group were more likely to be female and had a greater risk of low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction.
引言
青春期是个人和社会身份（包括自尊和身体形象认知）得以巩固的时期。在新冠疫情期间，实施了封锁措施，青少年的生活经历了突然的中断。本研究的目的是评估新冠疫情（疫情前或疫情后时期）对自尊和身体形象的影响。
方法
对2016年至2023年期间的西班牙青少年进行了一项横断面研究。参与者根据新冠疫情时期（疫情前或疫情后时期）进行分类。采用罗森伯格问卷和身体形状问卷（BSQ）来评估自尊和对身体形象的满意度。
结果
共分析了627名青少年。在这些青少年中，297名（47.3%）被纳入疫情后组。在女孩（32.75±5.23 vs. 28.19±6.59；p<0.001）和男孩（33.53±4.08 vs. 32.18±4.87；p = 0.005）中，疫情前组和疫情后组在罗森伯格问卷和BSQ得分上均存在显著差异。疫情后组的青少年（调整后的比值比[aOR]：5.24；95%置信区间：2.61 - 10.51；p<0.001）自尊较低的风险更高。良好和一般 - 较差的自我感知健康状况均与女性性别显著相关。此外，疫情后组的青少年（aOR：3.06；95%置信区间：1.94 - 4.82；P<0.001）以及自我感知健康状况良好和一般 - 较差的女性青少年自尊轻度受损的风险增加。此外，疫情后时期（aOR：5.42 95%置信区间：2.96 - 9.93；p<0.001）、女性性别、肥胖和一般 - 较差的自我感知健康状况与对身体形状的不满显著相关。
结论
疫情后组的青少年自尊和身体形象得分更差，该组青少年更可能为女性，且自尊较低和身体不满的风险更大。
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