and gastric cancer: current insights and nanoparticle-based interventions.

: is recognized as one of the main causes of gastric cancer, and this type of cancer is considered as one of the leading diseases causing cancer deaths all over the world. Knowledge on the interactions between and gastric carcinogenesis is important for designing preventive measures. : the objective of this review is to summarize the available literature on and gastric cancer, specifically regarding the molecular mechanisms, nanoparticle-based therapy and clinical developments. : the databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and web of science were searched as well as papers from 2010 to 2024 were considered for review. Research literature on , gastric cancer, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, and therapeutic interventions was summarized for current findings and possible treatments. : the presence of in gastric mucosa causes chronic inflammation and several molecular alterations such as DNA alteration, epigenetic changes and activation of oncogenic signaling pathways which causes gastric carcinogenesis. Conventional antibiotic treatments have some issues because of the constantly rising levels of antibiotic resistance. Lipid based nanoformulations, polymeric and metallic nanoparticles have been delivered in treatment of to improve drug delivery and alter immunological responses. : nanoparticle based interventions have been widely explored as drug delivery systems by improving the treatment strategies against induced gastric cancer. Further studies and clinical trials are required to bring these findings into a clinical setting in order to possibly alter the management of related gastric malignancies.