Consumer Perceptions of Artificial Sweeteners in Food Products, Consumption Frequency, and Body Mass Index: A Multivariate Analysis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Artificial sweeteners are commonly used food additives that provide sweetness without calories. Once considered harmless due to their lack of metabolism, recent studies suggest that they may have unintended effects, potentially stimulating appetite and increasing food intake, leading to weight gain. This study aimed to assess consumer perceptions of artificial sweeteners in food, examine consumption frequencies of products containing them, and explore their potential influence on body mass index.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted using two voluntary and anonymous surveys administered via Google Forms.

RESULTS

The study included 649 participants: 324 parents of preschool and school-aged children and 325 university and secondary school students. A substantial proportion of parents (59.3%) recognized artificial sweeteners as common sugar substitutes in beverages like juices, soft drinks, and protein drinks. Awareness was notably higher among students (88.9%). While most participants held a negative attitude toward artificial sweeteners, their awareness and engagement with food label reading were low. Multivariate linear regression identified significant associations: Male gender (β = 1.17, < 0.001) and older age (β = 0.42, < 0.001) were associated with higher BMI. Additionally, participants who rarely or never consumed carbonated soft drinks had a lower BMI (β = -1.48, = 0.039), while those who occasionally consumed snacks had a higher BMI (β = 0.51, = 0.039).

CONCLUSIONS

This research underscores the urgent need for public health initiatives addressing misconceptions, raising food label reading practices, while encouraging healthier consumption habits through educational campaigns. Additionally, the study's insights will help assess the potential cumulative health impacts of artificial sweetener intake.