Rondinella Debora, Raoul Pauline Celine, Valeriani Eleonora, Venturini Irene, Cintoni Marco, Severino Andrea, Galli Francesca Sofia, Mora Vincenzina, Mele Maria Cristina, Cammarota Giovanni, Gasbarrini Antonio, Rinninella Emanuele, Ianiro Gianluca
Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Feb 28;17(5):859. doi: 10.3390/nu17050859.
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become a widely consumed food category in modern diets. However, their impact on gut health is raising increasing concerns. This review investigates how UPFs impact the gut microbiome and gut barrier, emphasizing gut dysbiosis and increased gut permeability. UPFs, characterized by a high content of synthetic additives and emulsifiers, and low fiber content, are associated with a decrease in microbial diversity, lower levels of beneficial bacteria like and , and an increase in pro-inflammatory microorganisms. These alterations in the microbial community contribute to persistent inflammation, which is associated with various chronic disorders including metabolic syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer. In addition, UPFs may alter the gut-brain axis, potentially affecting cognitive function and mental health. Dietary modifications incorporating fiber, fermented foods, and probiotics can help mitigate the effects of UPFs. Furthermore, the public needs stricter regulations for banning UPFs, along with well-defined food labels. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms connecting UPFs to gut dysbiosis and systemic illnesses, thereby informing evidence-based dietary guidelines.
超加工食品（UPFs）已成为现代饮食中广泛消费的食品类别。然而，它们对肠道健康的影响正引发越来越多的关注。本综述探讨了超加工食品如何影响肠道微生物群和肠道屏障，重点关注肠道生态失调和肠道通透性增加。超加工食品的特点是合成添加剂和乳化剂含量高，纤维含量低，与微生物多样性降低、有益细菌（如 和 ）水平降低以及促炎微生物增加有关。微生物群落的这些变化会导致持续性炎症，而持续性炎症与包括代谢综合征、肠易激综合征、2型糖尿病和结直肠癌在内的各种慢性疾病有关。此外，超加工食品可能会改变肠-脑轴，潜在地影响认知功能和心理健康。纳入纤维、发酵食品和益生菌的饮食调整有助于减轻超加工食品的影响。此外，公众需要更严格的法规来禁止超加工食品，并配以明确的食品标签。有必要进行进一步的研究，以阐明超加工食品与肠道生态失调和全身性疾病之间的联系机制，从而为基于证据的饮食指南提供依据。
