腭部延伸和品牌如何影响定制护齿器的固位？一项体外研究。
How do palatal extensions and brands affect the retention of custom-made mouthguards? An in vitro study.
作者信息
Sun Zhe, Sun Ruitong, Zhang Meng, Zhong Qingqiu, Huang Minghao, Yan Xu, Shi Liye, Li Jian
机构信息
Department of Physical Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
出版信息
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Mar 17;25(1):396. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05786-w.
BACKGROUND
Retention performance is a prerequisite for the protective effect of custom-made mouthguards (MGs). The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of palatal extensions and brands on the retention of MGs and to provide a theoretical basis for designing comfortable MGs.
METHODS
Using an optimized fully dentate maxillary anatomical teaching model, two brands of sports MGs (Erkoflex (E) and Supsmile (S)) were created, with each brand preparing three identical splints, resulting in a total of six groups (E8, E8, E8, S8, S8, S8) with palatal margin extending 8 mm past the gingival margin. A testing machine applied a constant vertical traction force to each group of MGs at a speed of 50 mm/min until complete dislocation occurred, recording the peak stress value, with each group tested 30 times. Subsequently, each group of sports MGs was uniformly trimmed by 2 mm on the palatal edge, reducing the extensions to 6, 4, 2, and 0 mm, denoted as E (6, 4, 2, 0), E (6, 4, 2, 0), E (6, 4, 2, 0), S (6, 4, 2, 0), S (6, 4, 2, 0), and S (6, 4, 2, 0). The above experimental steps were repeated to obtain the retention force of MGs with different palatal extensions.
RESULTS
The length of the palatal edge significantly affects the retention force of the MG (p < 0.001), with longer edges resulting in higher retention forces. The influence of different brands (S and E) on the retention force of the MG is minimal; trend analysis indicates that 86.9% of the retention force of S brand MGs can be explained by the palatal extension, while for E brand MGs, this figure is 88.6%.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this experimental study, different extension ranges of the palatal edge of the MG significantly influence its retention, with longer palatal extensions yielding higher retention rates. Additionally, under the constraints of S brand and E brand, the brand of the splint does not significantly contribute to the retention of the MG.
背景
固位性能是定制护齿器（MGs）发挥保护作用的前提条件。本研究旨在评估腭部延伸部分和品牌对MGs固位的影响，并为设计舒适的MGs提供理论依据。
方法
使用优化的全口上颌解剖教学模型，制作了两个品牌的运动护齿器（Erkoflex（E）和Supsmile（S）），每个品牌准备三个相同的夹板，共形成六组（E8、E8、E8、S8、S8、S8），腭缘延伸至牙龈缘8毫米以外。一台测试机以50毫米/分钟的速度对每组MGs施加恒定的垂直牵引力，直至完全脱位，记录峰值应力值，每组测试30次。随后，每组运动护齿器在腭边缘均匀修剪2毫米，使延伸部分减少到6、4、2和0毫米，分别记为E（6、4、2、0）、E（6、4、2、0）、E（6、4、2、0）、S（6、4、2、0）、S（6、4、2、0）和S（6、4、2、0）。重复上述实验步骤，以获得不同腭部延伸长度的MGs的固位力。
结果
腭边缘的长度显著影响MGs的固位力（p＜0.001），边缘越长，固位力越高。不同品牌（S和E）对MGs固位力的影响最小；趋势分析表明，S品牌MGs的固位力有86.9%可由腭部延伸来解释；而对于E品牌MGs，这一数字为88.6%。
结论
在本实验研究的局限性范围内，MGs腭边缘的不同延伸范围显著影响其固位，腭部延伸越长，固位率越高。此外，在S品牌和E品牌的限制下，夹板的品牌对MGs的固位没有显著影响。
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