Popescu Iuliana, Lenain Manon, Rovini Erika, Ruthsatz Manfred
Barnstable Brown Diabetes Research Centre, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA (IP).
Centre de Prévention Santé Longévité (CPSL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), Université de Lille, Lille, France (ML).
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2025 Mar 28:15598276251330170. doi: 10.1177/15598276251330170.
Aging increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD), characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Potential preventive/therapeutic interventions also include lifestyle changes like nutrition & diet, exercise, leisure and social engagement. Here, we discuss several lifestyle interventions for healthy brain aging, and in older adults with NDs. Balanced diets like the Mediterranean and MIND diets can reduce cognitive decline during aging. Long-term use of specific nutrient combinations in medical food may also exert benefits on memory. Metabolic interventions like calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) have shown potential benefits in aging. However, their effects on cognitive function in older adults were modestly explored and remain unclear. Clinical trials are ongoing to test the cognitive and health outcomes of CR/IF variants in older adults with AD or PD (associated or not with metabolic disorders). We also highlight the role of cognitive reserve (CoR) in delaying dementia symptoms. Engaging in diverse leisure activities like music and bilingualism may enhance CoR and reduce AD risk. Finally, we outline future directions for promoting healthy brain aging through lifestyle interventions (e.g., personalized diets, precision nutrition, synergistic lifestyle approaches, AI-based technologies to monitor the effectiveness of lifestyle practices).
衰老会增加患神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD））的风险，其特征为神经元丧失和认知能力下降。潜在的预防/治疗干预措施还包括生活方式的改变，如营养与饮食、运动、休闲和社交活动。在此，我们讨论几种针对健康大脑衰老以及患有神经退行性疾病的老年人的生活方式干预措施。像地中海饮食和MIND饮食这样的均衡饮食可以减少衰老过程中的认知能力下降。在医用食品中长期使用特定的营养组合也可能对记忆力有益。像热量限制（CR）和间歇性禁食（IF）这样的代谢干预措施在衰老方面已显示出潜在益处。然而，它们对老年人认知功能的影响研究较少且仍不明确。目前正在进行临床试验，以测试CR/IF变体对患有AD或PD（无论是否伴有代谢紊乱）的老年人的认知和健康结果。我们还强调了认知储备（CoR）在延缓痴呆症状方面的作用。参与音乐和双语等多样化的休闲活动可能会增强CoR并降低患AD的风险。最后，我们概述了通过生活方式干预促进健康大脑衰老的未来方向（例如，个性化饮食、精准营养、协同生活方式方法、基于人工智能的技术来监测生活方式实践的有效性）。
