The Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Disease Knowledge, and Health Behaviors.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aims to assess the correlation between PCOS and GDM and to identify associated healthcare needs.

METHODS

A mixed-methods approach was used. The retrospective study analyzed 2635 medical records of women aged 19-45 who underwent fertility treatments (2020-2023). The prospective study (2023-2024) assessed PCOS and GDM knowledge, nutrition, and physical activity among three groups: PCOS, GDM, and normal pregnancies.

RESULTS

Women with PCOS had a significantly higher BMI ( < 0.001) and an increased risk of GDM (28.1% vs. 10.6%, < 0.001), with a 2.94-fold higher likelihood (95% CI: 2.22-3.90). Preterm birth ( = 0.029) and multiple pregnancies ( = 0.014) were also more common. The GDM group demonstrated better nutritional habits ( = 0.017), while the PCOS group showed higher physical activity levels ( < 0.001). Greater disease knowledge correlated with healthier behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

PCOS is a strong risk factor for GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Targeted education and lifestyle interventions are crucial for improving maternal and neonatal health. Future research should focus on long-term metabolic management in women with PCOS.