Eze Obinna V, Meyer Johanna C, Campbell Stephen M
School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Feb 25;13(3):232. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13030232.
: Polio is an infectious viral disease that can cause paralytic complications and death. Despite global efforts to eradicate wild poliovirus, there are ongoing outbreaks globally and the mutated form of paralytic polio, i.e., circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus, is present in Nigeria. Low vaccination uptake and poor sanitation are responsible for outbreaks in countries where polio had previously been eliminated. This review identifies policies, strategies and interventions for polio eradication and assesses their impact on polio vaccine uptake and eradication efforts in Nigeria. : A systematic literature review was conducted and guided by the Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome (PICO) framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart, with identified articles appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program appraisal tool. : A total of 393 articles were identified, of which 26 articles were included. Key findings indicate polio intervention services, policies and mass campaigns have had a significant impact on eradicating WPV in Nigeria. However, there are gaps in variant polio eradication efforts, with low vaccination uptake, poor surveillance, vaccine hesitancy, lack of community engagement, weaknesses in the healthcare system and other challenges in Nigeria regionally and nationally, posing a risk to public health that threatens the eradication of all forms of polio in Nigeria. : Recommendations are suggested for changes to practice and policy to improve polio vaccination uptake in Nigeria and globally in the short-term (1-2 years), mid-term (3-4 years) and long-term (5+ years). Collaborative targeted polio vaccination programs and funding of public health infrastructure are imperative globally alongside national strategic policy intervention frameworks to strengthen the World Health Organization Global Polio Eradication Initiative and improve vaccine uptake and monitoring of vaccine hesitancy. Simultaneous health-literate community engagement is needed to achieve and maintain polio eradication efforts, which must be integrated into national health frameworks and coordinated across the African continent.
脊髓灰质炎是一种传染性病毒疾病，可导致麻痹性并发症和死亡。尽管全球致力于根除野生脊髓灰质炎病毒，但全球仍有疫情持续爆发，尼日利亚存在麻痹性脊髓灰质炎的变异形式，即循环疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒。在以前已消灭脊髓灰质炎的国家，疫苗接种率低和卫生条件差是疫情爆发的原因。本综述确定了根除脊髓灰质炎的政策、战略和干预措施，并评估了它们对尼日利亚脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种率和根除工作的影响。：进行了一项系统的文献综述，以人群、干预措施、对照和结果（PICO）框架以及系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）流程图为指导，使用关键评价技能计划评价工具对所确定的文章进行评价。：共确定了393篇文章，其中26篇文章被纳入。主要研究结果表明，脊髓灰质炎干预服务、政策和大规模运动对尼日利亚根除野生脊髓灰质炎病毒产生了重大影响。然而，在根除变异型脊髓灰质炎的努力方面存在差距，尼日利亚在地区和全国范围内存在疫苗接种率低、监测不力、疫苗犹豫、缺乏社区参与、医疗保健系统薄弱以及其他挑战，对公共卫生构成风险，威胁到在尼日利亚根除所有形式的脊髓灰质炎。：建议对实践和政策进行变革，以在短期（1 - 2年）、中期（3 - 4年）和长期（5年以上）提高尼日利亚和全球的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种率。全球迫切需要开展协作性的针对性脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种计划并为公共卫生基础设施提供资金，同时需要国家战略政策干预框架，以加强世界卫生组织全球根除脊髓灰质炎倡议，提高疫苗接种率并监测疫苗犹豫情况。同时，需要开展具有健康素养的社区参与，以实现和维持脊髓灰质炎根除工作，这必须纳入国家卫生框架并在非洲大陆进行协调。
