Dual effects of and on hyperglycemia and infection in .

The coexistence of hyperglycemia and infectious diseases represents a critical global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where it amplifies disease severity and complicates treatment approaches. Medicinal plants such as and have gained recognition for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making them promising candidates for addressing this double health burden. The aim of this study was to establish a preclinical model of hyperglycemia and infection (HI model) using and to investigate the therapeutic potential of and extracts in alleviating the burden associated with the HI condition. In this study, the HI model was established by simultaneously exposing larvae to a high-concentration sucrose solution and for 24 hours. The larvae were then transferred to a high-sucrose diet supplemented with or extracts. Survival assays and molecular analyses were subsequently performed to evaluate the outcomes. Our findings revealed that the combination of hyperglycemia and infection significantly reduced survival rates in the model. However, treatment with 1.25% and extracts notably improved survival, attributed to their antibacterial activity and regulation of key molecular pathways involved in immune responses, metabolic balance, and endogenous antioxidant defenses. These findings validate the utility of as a model organism for investigating the double burden of HI. Furthermore, the study offers compelling evidence of the dual therapeutic potential of and in mitigating the detrimental effects of this condition. Overall, this research underscores the significant promise of plant-derived compounds in managing HI and paves the way for future studies to explore their underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications.