Satarzadeh N, Saraee A, Hatif Mahdi Z, Sadeghi Dousari A, Armanpour M, Taati Moghadam M
Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Graduated from College of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Vet Res. 2025;25(4):298-311. doi: 10.22099/ijvr.2024.50497.7453.
In the era of antibiotic resistance, where multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and pan-drug resistant (PDR) Gram-negative infections are prevalent, it is crucial to identify the primary sources of antibiotic resistance, understand resistant mechanisms, and develop strategies to combat these mechanisms. The emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics like colistin has sparked a war between humanity and resistant bacteria, leaving humanity struggling to find effective countermeasures. Although colistin is used as a highly toxic antibiotic in infections that are not treated with routine antibiotics, its widespread use in animal breeding and veterinary medicine has contributed to the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria, plasmid-borne colistin resistance genes (), and antibiotic residues in livestock and animal-derived foods. These sources can potentially transmit colistin resistance to humans through various routes. Therefore, managing the use of colistin in livestock and animal foods, implementing strict monitoring, and establishing guidelines for its proper use are essential to prevent the escalation of colistin resistance. This review article discusses the latest mechanisms of colistin antibiotic resistance, particularly biofilm production as a public health threat, the livestock and animal food sources of this resistance, and the routes of transmission to humans.
在抗生素耐药性的时代，多重耐药（MDR）、广泛耐药（XDR）和泛耐药（PDR）革兰氏阴性菌感染盛行，识别抗生素耐药性的主要来源、了解耐药机制并制定对抗这些机制的策略至关重要。对黏菌素等最后手段抗生素产生耐药性的出现引发了人类与耐药细菌之间的一场战争，使人类难以找到有效的应对措施。尽管黏菌素在常规抗生素无法治疗的感染中被用作一种高毒性抗生素，但其在动物养殖和兽医学中的广泛使用导致了耐黏菌素细菌、质粒介导的黏菌素耐药基因以及牲畜和动物源性食品中抗生素残留的传播。这些来源可能通过各种途径将黏菌素耐药性传播给人类。因此，管理黏菌素在牲畜和动物食品中的使用、实施严格监测并制定其合理使用指南对于防止黏菌素耐药性的升级至关重要。这篇综述文章讨论了黏菌素抗生素耐药性的最新机制，特别是生物膜形成作为一种公共卫生威胁、这种耐药性的牲畜和动物食品来源以及传播给人类的途径。
