Kim Ju Hee, Moon Nalae, Heo Su Ji, Lee Young Joo, Hwang Jong Yun, Lee Se Jin, Im Jae Hi, Im Hosub
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Environ Anal Health Toxicol. 2025 Mar;40(1):e2025002-0. doi: 10.5620/eaht.2025002. Epub 2025 Jan 22.
Non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are associated with increased oxidative stress and disrupted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) during pregnancy; however, the results of previous studies are inconsistent. This study assessed the concentrations of 15 non-persistent chemicals, TSH, and oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women during the first trimester in Korea. This study was a prospective cohort study, recruiting a total of 242 pregnant women from March 18, 2022 to March 17, 2023. Pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study provided blood and urine samples in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Concentrations of three bisphenols, four parabens, triclosan, benzophenone-3, two volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in urine samples. TSH, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured as biomarkers of thyroid function and oxidative stress. The geometric mean concentration of the chemicals ranged from 0.07 to 45.20 μg/g creatinine, and were lower or similar to those in previous studies, except for ethyl paraben (EP). Spearman's coefficients of correlation ranged from -0.26 to 0.51. A multiple linear regression model was constructed after adjusting for covariates (maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, education level, income, residence area, parity, and maternal cotinine level). BPF (ß = -0.184, p = .020, 95 % CI = -0.223 to -0.020), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) (ß = -0.197, p = .046, 95 % CI = -0.915 to -0.009), and , 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-FLU) (ß = 0.199, p = .026, 95 % CI = 0.053 to 0.819) were significantly associated with TSH. trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) (ß = 0262, p = .001, 95 % CI = 0.050 to 0.181) showed a positive association with malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Therefore, pregnant women should minimize their exposure to EDCs, which impact oxidative stress and TSH in the early stages of pregnancy.
非持久性内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）与孕期氧化应激增加及促甲状腺激素（TSH）紊乱有关；然而，先前研究的结果并不一致。本研究评估了韩国孕早期孕妇体内15种非持久性化学物质、TSH及氧化应激生物标志物的浓度。本研究为前瞻性队列研究，于2022年3月18日至2023年3月17日共招募了242名孕妇。同意参与研究的孕妇在孕早期和孕晚期提供了血液和尿液样本。分析了尿液样本中三种双酚、四种对羟基苯甲酸酯、三氯生、二苯甲酮 - 3、两种挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和四种多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度。测量了TSH、丙二醛（MDA）和8 - 羟基脱氧鸟苷（8 - OHdG）作为甲状腺功能和氧化应激的生物标志物。这些化学物质的几何平均浓度范围为0.07至45.20μg/g肌酐，除对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（EP）外，均低于或类似于先前研究中的浓度。Spearman相关系数范围为 - 0.26至0.51。在对协变量（产妇年龄、孕前体重指数、教育水平、收入、居住地区、产次和产妇可替宁水平）进行调整后构建了多元线性回归模型。双酚F（BPF）（β = - 0.184，p = 0.020，95%CI = - 0.223至 - 0.020）、1 - 羟基芘（1 - OHP）（β = - 0.197，p = 0.046，95%CI = - 0.915至 - 0.009）和2 - 羟基芴（2 - FLU）（β = 0.199，p = 0.026，95%CI = 0.053至0.819）与TSH显著相关。反式，反式 - 粘康酸（t，t - MA）（β = 0.262，p = 0.001，95%CI = 0.050至0.181）与作为氧化应激生物标志物的丙二醛（MDA）呈正相关。因此，孕妇应尽量减少接触EDCs，因为它们会在孕早期影响氧化应激和TSH。
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