Mishra Spandan, Chawla Shivam, Pani Sunit, Das Tapan K
Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) and Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University Medical (SUM) Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IND.
Orthopaedics, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) and Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University Medical (SUM) Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 21;17(4):e82677. doi: 10.7759/cureus.82677. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Introduction Fracture of the neck of the femur is a significant orthopaedic injury with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly among the elderly following low-velocity trauma. The complications of osteonecrosis and non-union are common in cases treated with any procedure of osteosynthesis. Surgical intervention through internal fixation is a common approach. Numerous procedures have been described for salvaging the femoral head to avoid or delay hip replacement in patients younger than 60 years. Operative methods to enhance vascularity and achieve healing at the fracture site include fixation with bone grafting, pedicle grafts to provide blood supply, or valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy. This paper compares the outcomes of two internal fixation techniques, double-angle blade plate (DABP) and double-angle dynamic hip screw (DHS) with Pauwels osteotomy, in the treatment of fracture neck of femur. We assess the outcomes based on functional recovery, complication rates, and overall patient satisfaction. Materials and methods Cases were selected from patients attending the OPD and Trauma Unit of IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, from 2022 to 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: one group underwent internal fixation with a DABP, and the other group underwent fixation with a double-angle DHS with Pauwels osteotomy. All patients with a diagnosed fracture neck of femur who underwent internal fixation with either a DABP or double-angle DHS with Pauwels osteotomy, aged 17-60 years, and with a delay in presentation of more than three weeks, were included in the study. Patients aged over 60 years, with fresh fractures, pathological fractures, multiple fractures, or prior surgery on the affected hip, were excluded. Results A total of 30 patients were included in the study, with 16 in the DABP group and 14 in the double-angle DHS group. Both groups demonstrated improvement in Harris Hip Score (HHS) at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, but the double-angle DHS group showed a slightly higher HHS, indicating faster functional recovery. The angle blade plate showed better stability and less bone removal. It allowed room for fibular grafting and early mobilization due to reliable fixation. However, it was technically more difficult to perform and was a less forgiving implant than DHS, which is technically simpler and provides compression at the fracture site. Healing time was similar in both groups. Overall, the results were markedly satisfactory, with good functional outcomes, active painless hip range of motion, and painless weight-bearing, with acceptable shortening in these cases managed with either double-angle DHS or DABP, each with some shortcomings. Conclusion This study concluded that Pauwels osteotomy and fixation with a double-angle DHS provided the patient with a relatively higher success rate concerning union, with acceptable limb length discrepancy and better functional outcomes in young adults with neglected fracture neck of femur. It serves as a head-salvaging procedure in properly selected patients.
引言 股骨颈骨折是一种严重的骨科损伤,发病率和死亡率都很高,尤其是在老年人遭受低能量创伤后。骨坏死和不愈合等并发症在任何骨内固定治疗的病例中都很常见。通过内固定进行手术干预是一种常见的方法。已经描述了许多用于挽救股骨头以避免或延迟60岁以下患者进行髋关节置换的手术。增强血管供应并实现骨折部位愈合的手术方法包括植骨固定、带蒂移植以提供血液供应或转子间外翻截骨术。本文比较了两种内固定技术,即双角刃钢板(DABP)和双角动力髋螺钉(DHS)联合 Pauwels 截骨术,在治疗股骨颈骨折中的效果。我们基于功能恢复、并发症发生率和患者总体满意度来评估结果。
材料和方法 病例选自2022年至2023年在布巴内什瓦尔的IMS和SUM医院门诊部和创伤科就诊的患者。患者被分为两组:一组接受DABP内固定,另一组接受双角DHS联合Pauwels截骨术固定。所有诊断为股骨颈骨折且接受DABP或双角DHS联合Pauwels截骨术内固定的患者,年龄在17至60岁之间,就诊延迟超过三周,均纳入本研究。60岁以上、新鲜骨折、病理性骨折、多发骨折或患侧髋关节既往有手术史的患者被排除。
结果 本研究共纳入30例患者,DABP组16例,双角DHS组14例。两组在6个月和12个月随访时Harris髋关节评分(HHS)均有改善,但双角DHS组的HHS略高,表明功能恢复更快。角刃钢板显示出更好的稳定性和更少的骨质去除。由于固定可靠,它为腓骨移植和早期活动留出了空间。然而,其操作在技术上更困难,且与DHS相比容错性更差,DHS技术上更简单且能在骨折部位提供加压。两组的愈合时间相似。总体而言,结果非常令人满意,功能结果良好,髋关节活动范围无痛且能无痛负重,在采用双角DHS或DABP治疗的这些病例中,缩短程度可接受,每种方法都有一些缺点。
结论 本研究得出结论,Pauwels截骨术和双角DHS固定在股骨颈陈旧性骨折的年轻成年人中,在骨折愈合方面为患者提供了相对较高的成功率,肢体长度差异可接受且功能结果更好。它是一种适用于适当选择患者的保头手术。