Birnholtz Jeremy, Kraus Ashley, Zheng Weiwei, Moskowitz David A, Macapagal Kathryn, Gergle Darren
Northwestern University, USA.
Soc Media Soc. 2020 Jul-Sep;6(3). doi: 10.1177/2056305120955176. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
Self-presentation, the process by which people disclose information about themselves to others, is fundamental to online interaction and research on communication technology. Technology often mediates the self-presentation process by obscuring who is in the audience via constrained cues and opaque feed algorithms that govern the visibility of social media content. This can make it risky to disclose sensitive or potentially stigmatizing information about oneself, because it could fall into the wrong hands or be seen by an unsupportive audience. Still, there are times when it is socially beneficial to disclose sensitive information, such as LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others) people expressing their identities or disclosing HIV status. Decisions about sensitive disclosure, moreover, can be even more complicated in today's social media landscape with many platforms and audiences in play, particularly for younger users who often use many platforms. We lack a good understanding, however, of how people make these decisions. This article addresses questions about sensitive disclosure on social media through a survey study of adolescent men who have sex with men and their willingness to disclose on social media the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an HIV prevention medication. Results suggest that perceived platform audience composition and platform features such as ephemerality play into disclosure decisions, as well as the perceived normativity of PrEP use among peers.
自我呈现是人们向他人披露自身信息的过程,它对于在线互动以及通信技术研究至关重要。技术常常通过受限的线索和不透明的推送算法模糊受众身份,从而调节自我呈现过程,这些算法决定了社交媒体内容的可见性。这可能会使披露关于自己的敏感或潜在污名化信息变得有风险,因为这些信息可能会落入坏人之手或被不支持的受众看到。然而,在某些情况下,披露敏感信息对社会有益,比如 LGBTQ+(女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者、酷儿及其他)群体表达自己的身份或披露感染艾滋病毒的状况。此外,在当今有众多平台和受众的社交媒体环境中,关于敏感信息披露的决策可能会更加复杂,尤其是对于经常使用多个平台的年轻用户而言。然而,我们对人们如何做出这些决策缺乏充分的了解。本文通过对与男性发生性行为的青少年及其在社交媒体上披露使用暴露前预防药物(PrEP,一种艾滋病毒预防药物)意愿的调查研究,探讨了社交媒体上敏感信息披露的问题。结果表明,对平台受众构成的认知以及诸如短暂性等平台特征会影响披露决策,同时还包括对同龄人中 PrEP 使用规范性的认知。