Bhowmik Debarati, Patel Mohamed T, Goldberg Oppenheimer Pola
Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 May 9;13:1592391. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1592391. eCollection 2025.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles that facilitate intercellular communication by carrying bioactive molecules like proteins and RNA, impacting both health and disease. Herein, the EVs' significance in physiological and pathological processes is reviewed, emphasising their potential as biomarkers for diseases including for instance, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular conditions. The principles and applications of Raman spectroscopy (RS) - a powerful tool offering detailed molecular insights into EVs, are further examined. The non-destructive nature of this spectroscopic technique renders it invaluable for studying the molecular composition, purity and concentration of EVs. When EVs are isolated from accessible biofluids such as blood, urine or saliva, the overall process remains minimally invasive, enhancing its clinical applicability. The review highlights Raman spectroscopy's role in identifying disease-related EVs, distinguishing subpopulations and enhancing our understanding of EVs in disease mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞衍生的颗粒，通过携带蛋白质和RNA等生物活性分子促进细胞间通讯，对健康和疾病都有影响。本文综述了细胞外囊泡在生理和病理过程中的重要性，强调了它们作为包括癌症、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病等疾病生物标志物的潜力。进一步研究了拉曼光谱（RS）的原理和应用，这是一种强大的工具，可提供对细胞外囊泡的详细分子见解。这种光谱技术的非破坏性使其在研究细胞外囊泡的分子组成、纯度和浓度方面具有极高价值。当从血液、尿液或唾液等易获取的生物流体中分离细胞外囊泡时，整个过程的侵入性极小，增强了其临床适用性。该综述强调了拉曼光谱在识别与疾病相关的细胞外囊泡、区分亚群以及增进我们对细胞外囊泡在疾病机制和治疗应用方面理解的作用。
