Application of Modified Natural Zeolite-Clinoptilolite for Bacterial Control in the Environment.

Natural zeolites are highly effective adsorbents that can remove various metal cations which would otherwise contaminate the environment. However, different metal cations (Cu, Zn, and Ag) within their lattice or quaternary long-chain surfactant cations on their surface modify their affinity towards hazardous anions and promote antibacterial activity in natural zeolites. Specifically, natural zeolites in their non-modified form lack intrinsic antibacterial characteristics. NZ is the most widespread natural zeolite. This review presents the antibacterial efficiency of NZ containing transition metals, nano oxides, and organics. This effect is nonspecific and primarily driven by the nutritional makeup of the medium rather than the species of pathogenic bacteria under study. Studies on using NZ-based disinfectants to clean up contaminated water and soil and using modified and purified NZ to protect health are also considered. By eliminating toxic ions and, when modified by these toxic cations, removing pathogens from the environment, natural NZ can serve a dual function, providing it with the distinctive characteristics of a sustainable material.