Factors Explaining Responses to Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Among Nurses in Israel.

: During the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza vaccination compliance among nurses in Israel was significantly lower than in previous years. This study sought to evaluate factors associated with vaccination compliance. : An online cross-sectional survey conducted in March-April 2022 among 386 Israeli nurses examined perceived disease threat, vaccination barriers, perceived vaccine benefits, attitudes, and subjective norms/social influences. : During the 2021/2022 winter season, the vaccination rate for COVID-19 was higher than for influenza (68.4% vs. 61.9%). For both, vaccination compliance was positively associated with perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived benefits, and supporting attitude and negatively associated with barriers. The odds for COVID-19 vaccination were higher among older ( = 1.04, 95% = 1.02, 1.07, < 0.001) and more experienced nurses (age and years of experience, = 0.89, < 0.001). For both, perceived susceptibility and severity were higher among female nurses (influenza = 3.29 = 0.88; COVID-19 = 3.65 = 0.83) than male nurses (influenza = 3.03 = 0.90; COVID-19 = 3.32 = 0.83). A model assessing the associations between COVID-19-related variables and influenza vaccination compliance found that higher perceived susceptibility and severity regarding COVID-19, lower perceived barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and more supportive attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination were related to a greater likelihood of influenza vaccination compliance. : Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and attitudes made a significantly greater contribution to influenza vaccination than to COVID-19 vaccination, whereas perceived benefits made a significantly greater contribution to COVID-19 vaccination than to influenza vaccination.